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| Are strong bonds in which electrons of 2 atoms are shared |
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| Molecules that possess both polar and non polar regions |
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| Hydrogen bonding between adjacent water molecules |
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| Water molecules form a film on a substrate by clinging to the substrates surface by hydrogen bonds |
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| Hydrolysis (Hydrolytic Reaction) |
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| Water is used to break down a compound into smaller units inside a living organism |
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| Water is removed when a new covalent bond forms between 2 formerly separate molecules to produce a larger compound |
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| Non-polar compounds with C and H as main atoms, linked by covalent bonds |
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| "cell eating" membrane vesicle called a phagosome, engulfs a large particle |
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| Small organelles found in animal cells that lyse (break down) macromolecules |
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| Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, and Protists |
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| All the Carbon atoms in a fatty acid are connected by single bonds |
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| Has at least one doub;e bond between carbon atoms of one of its fatty acids |
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| Similar to fats/oils, these contain 2 long hydrocarbon chains that are linked at a carboxyl group |
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| Formed of Carbon atoms, but have 4 fused ring-like structures |
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| Steroids are called sterols if they have one or more polar hydroxyl groups attached |
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| Are polymers assembled from monomers in different combinations |
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| Small, sweet tasting carbohydrates that commonly have only 5 or 6 carbon atoms |
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| A pentose, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base made of a single or double ring of C&N atoms |
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| If the nucleotides pentose is ribose |
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| If the nucleotides pentose is Deoxyribose |
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| Nitrogenous base. Always pairs up with T. Held in place by 2 hydrogen bonds |
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| Always pairs up with G. Held in place by 3 hydrogen bonds |
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| Ribonucleic Acid. Less stable that DNA. IS a single strand of ribonucleotides. |
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| The study of cell contents, functions and interactions with other cells and the environment |
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| Depends on transmitted light to illuminate specimen. |
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| Depends on UV light to illuminate the specimen |
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| Depends on an electron beam that bombards the specimen |
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| TEM Microscope (Transmission Electron) |
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| Electron beam is passed through an ultra-thin section of the specimen, to reveal the the internal contents of its cells |
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| Scanning Electron Microscope |
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| The segment gts coated with a heavy metal before being examined so that the Electron beam is reflected off of its surface to yield a 3D image |
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| All of the organisms hereditary information. Includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences for DNA/RNA |
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| Governs the entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell. |
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| Is secreted externally to the cell wall and it forms a protective gel-like layer that reduced the desiccation of the cell. (= "a capsule") |
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| Mixture of carbohydrates and polypeptides secreted by prokaryotic cells that tend to exist in colonies. |
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| Short abundant extensions from the gycocalyx. Helps to adhere to surfaces and eachother. |
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| Are used for movement. Longer than pili. |
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| Stores/protects/organizes/expresses the hereditary material (DNA). |
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| Occurs in the nucleus to yield diff. types of RNA (mRNA and tRNA) |
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| Contains info that specifies formation of particular polypeptides. (Messenger ribonucleic acid) |
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| An adapter molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the mRNA template. (Transfer Nucleic acid) |
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| Formed in the nucleus. Heads to a nucleolus to be assembled with proteins to create ribosomal subunits. They leave the nucleus to assemble into functional ribosomes in the cytosol. |
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