Term
| What are the characteristics that all living things share? |
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Definition
| Order, Reproduction, response to environment, evolve, regulation, growth and development, and energy utilization |
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Term
| what are 2 broad categories of cells, and how can i tell them apart? |
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Definition
| PROKARYOTES are relatively small, simple cells that lack membrane bound organelles, ad EUKARYOTES are relatively large, complex cells that contain membrane bound organelles |
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Term
| If someone is talking about a bacteria, which group are they talking about and why? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes, because bacteria lack organelles |
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Term
| Is a virus considered a living organism? Why or why not? |
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Definition
| it is not, for many reasons. The one you might have in mind at this point is that a virus is not made of a cell. |
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Term
| What are the four building blocks of the DNA language? |
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Definition
A, T, C, G
Adenosine Thymine Cytosine Guanine |
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Term
| What is the shape of a DNA molecule? |
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Definition
| it is a double helix or like a spiral stair case |
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Term
| In the double helix shape of a DNA, how do the bases always line up? |
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Definition
| A (adenosine) always line up across from T (Thymine) and C (Cytosine) always lines up across from G (Guanine) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics that separate plants, animals, and fungi? |
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Definition
-Movement and metabolism
-Plants are non mobile autotrophs
-Animals are mobile heterotrophs
-Fungi are non mobile heterotrophs |
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Term
| What are the 2 main points of Darwin's Theory? |
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Definition
1. Variation among species is natural
2. some of those variations will be more successful than others, and make babies. |
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Term
| A living thing that has an influence on another living things would be a ______ factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nonliving thing that has an influence on another living thing would be an ____ factor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ecosystems are dynamic, and depend on the cycling of 2 main, broad things, what are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ultimately, all energy comes from what main source? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a hypothesis different from a theory in science? |
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Definition
| Hypothesis is an educated guess, a theory is supported by extensive and varied research |
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Term
| What is one of the main benefits of science? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom(atomic number)? |
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Definition
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Term
| which subatomic particle controls the chemical properties or behavior of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which subatomic particle is electrically neutral but can change the mass of an atom without altering chemical behavior or properties? |
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Definition
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Term
| If i change the number of protons in an atom i get a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| If i change the number of electrons in an atom i get a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| If i change the number of neutrons in an atom i get a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the property of water sticking to some other substance called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the property of water sticking to other water molecules called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes cohesion and adhesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| in a chemical reaction, what goes in and what comes out? |
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Definition
| reactants go in, products come out |
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Term
| Chemical reactions must always _____? |
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Definition
| balance or have the same number and type of atoms in reactants and the products |
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Term
| what can you change to balance a chemical equation, and what can you NOT change to balance an equation? |
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Definition
| you can change the coefficients, you cant change the subscripts |
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Term
| A substance that releases H+ ions in solution is a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| A substance that releases OH- ions in solution is a(n)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a single line represent between 2 atoms (for example C-H) ? |
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Definition
| A covalent bond, formed formed by 2 shared electrons |
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Term
| How many electrons does each atom (except hydrogen and helium) want in the outer shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many does a hydrogen atom want? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 categories of major macromolecules? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
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Term
| Reaction that breaks larger molecules down into smaller ones is a(n)? |
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Definition
| degradation reaction, usually indicated by hydrolysis |
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Term
| Reaction that builds larger molecules from smaller ones is a(n)? |
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Definition
| synthesis reaction, usually indicated by dehydration |
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Term
| What are the monomers of a carbohydrate called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What elements can be found in the carbohydrates and are there any specifics to identify these based on the composition? |
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Definition
| C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ration |
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Term
| What is the general shape of carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| Usually a ring, or chain of rings, but they can be linear |
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Term
| What is the use of carbohydrates in a living thing? |
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Definition
| quick energy; fuel for cells. Some like cellulose are structural |
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Term
| What are three common examples of complex carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| starch and cellulose in plants, and glycogen in animals |
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Term
| What elements are found in lipids? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How can i tell them apart from carbs? |
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Definition
| Less O, more C and H, and their shape tends to be long tails of C and H |
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Term
| What are 3 functions of lipids? |
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Definition
| long term energy storage, insulation, and padding |
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Term
| what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat? |
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Definition
| saturated has the max number of H to h bonds possible, is usually solid at room temp and found in animals. Unsaturated does not have the max number of C to H bonds and is found in plants |
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Term
| What are 2 common monomers of lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the elements found in protein |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the monomers of proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| what are functional protein called, those that regulate chemical reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the proces of changing a proteins shape called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| varies based on folding, but they will usually be large, and complex |
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Term
| what are the monomers of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is each nucleotide made of? |
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Definition
| a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base |
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Term
| what are the 2 types of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 ways in which DNA and RNA differ? |
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Definition
1. DNA is double stranded, has suger deoxyribose, and has ATCG as the bases.
2. RNA is single stranded, has the suger ribose, and has the bases AUCG. |
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Term
| What term describes the specific pass of certain things in, and other things out |
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Definition
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Term
| what are three structures common to oth prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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Definition
| plasma or cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm |
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Term
| in a eukaryotic cell, where is the dna found? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the term that describes the process where double stranded DNA is used to make single stranded RNA and where does it occur? |
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Definition
| Transcription, and it happens in the nucleus of eukaryotes |
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Term
| what is the process of using Rna to make proteins called, and where does it happen? |
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Definition
| translation, and it happens at the ribosomes |
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Term
| What are four organelles shared by plant and animal cells? |
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Definition
| Nucleus, ER (smooth and rough), golgi bodies, mitochondria, and ribosomes |
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Term
| what organelles are found only in animal cells? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what organelles are found only in plants? |
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Definition
| large central vacuole and chloroplasts |
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Term
| What is entropy and what is enthalpy? |
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Definition
| entropy is a measure of disorder, and enthalpy is a measure of heat energy |
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Term
| what is the process that releases energy for our cells and where does it happen? |
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Definition
| cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria |
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Term
| What is the formula for cellular respiration? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how are cellular respiration and combustion similar? |
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Definition
| both take fuel and oxygen to produce co2 and h2o |
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Term
| what molecule is the main direct energy currenCy for the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does it break into to power most cellular processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHY DO WE CARE ABOTU THE FOOD WE EAT? |
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Definition
| It is the fuel [calories] used to drive the recycling of ADP+P into ATP |
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Term
| what class of major macromolecules has the most energy |
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Definition
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Term
| what class of macromolecules is the main source of energy for our cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does endothermic and exothermic mean? |
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Definition
endothermic means that products have more energy than the reactants
exothermic means the products have less energy than the reactants |
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Term
| a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy is called a? |
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Definition
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Term
| photosynthesis is what type of reaction?why? |
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Definition
| endothermic, more energy in products |
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