Term
|
Definition
| Pseudocoelomate is an Invertebrate that has a Pseudocoel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. the body cavity of certain invertebrate metazoan animals between the body wall and the intestine, which is not lined with a mesodermal epithelium.
b. An internal body cavity of some primitive invertebrates, similar to a coelom but lacking a mesodermal lining.
c. a body cavity (as in various worms) that is not the product of gastrulation and is not lined with a well-defined mesodermal membrane |
|
|
Term
| Of the phylums studied in Bio 111, what was the only pseudocoelomate animal studied? |
|
Definition
| Phylum Nematodes were the only pseudocoelomate animals studied in Bio 111. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
a.The function or position of an organism or population within an ecological community.
b.The particular area within a habitat occupied by an organism. |
|
|
Term
| The statement: "Nematodes are UBIQUITOUS in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments." means what? |
|
Definition
| It means the nematodes are existing everywhere at the same time in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial enviornments. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Any of several slender, unsegmented, cylindrical worms often narrowing at each end, of the group Nematoda, which some scientists consider to be a class of the aschelminths and others to be a separate phylum. Most nematodes are tiny and live in enormous numbers in water, soil, plants, and animals. They have a simple structure, with a long hollow gut separated from the body wall by a fluid-filled space. Several nematodes, such as pinworm, roundworm, filaria, and hookworm, are parasites on animals and humans and cause disease. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Nematodes are segmented worms. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| To be tapered is to become what?.... |
|
Definition
| is to become smaller or thinner toward one end. |
|
|
Term
| What are some general characteristics of phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
1. Slender
2. Thread-like
3. Non-Segmented
4. body tapered at both ends (smaller at each end)
5. Circular in cross-section
6. white or transparent
7. smooth in apperance |
|
|
Term
| How many species of Nematodes are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of animals-including the arthropods (e.g., insects, crabs), mollusks (clams, snails), and annelid worms-classified together on the basis of embryological development. The mouth of the Protostomia (proto, "first"; stoma, "mouth") develops from the first opening into the embryonic gut (blastopore). The coelom (body cavity) forms from a split in the embryonic mesoderm (middle tissue). Larval (immature) forms, if present, are called trochophores. The Protostomia constitute one of two divisions of the coelomates (animals with a body cavity, or coelom). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Any of a major group of animals defined by its embryonic development, in which the first opening in the embryo becomes the anus. At this stage in their development, the later specialized function of any given embryonic cell has not yet been determined. Deuterostomes are one of the two groups of animals that have true body cavities (coeloms), and are believed to share a common ancestor. They include the echinoderms, chaetognaths, hemichordates, and chordates. |
|
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Term
| What type of "skeleton" is typical of roundworms & segmented worms? |
|
Definition
| roundworms rely on the pressure of bodily fluids called HYDROSTATIC SKELETON to maintain their shape thay also have cuticle on the outside of their bodies, which is thick, resistantlayer of protienthat protects the worm and keeps it in one shape. Segmented worms also rely on the pressure of bodily fluids to retain thier shape, as well as the muscle lining the inside of the body wall. |
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|
Term
| The species Ascaris belongs to what phylum? |
|
Definition
| Ascaris belongs to phylum nematoda |
|
|
Term
| Ascarius affect what animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of southern americans are affected by Ascaris? |
|
Definition
| up to 10% of southern Americans are affected by Ascaris. |
|
|
Term
| Are male Ascaris larger than female Ascaris? |
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Definition
| No males are much smaller than female Ascaris. Males are also found in much lower amounts compared to the females. |
|
|
Term
| In the species Ascaris, which end is the 3 lips of the mouth located? |
|
Definition
| The three lips of the mouth are located at the very tip of the anterior end. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the slit like anus located in Ascaris? |
|
Definition
| The slit like anus is located on the ventral surface a few millimeters away from the posterior end. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Ascaris there are organs which are thread-like tubes what system do they belong to? |
|
Definition
| The thread like tube organs belong to the Reproductive system |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do parasites usually not have? |
|
Definition
-Nervous System
-Sensry Organs
-Locomotion
-Complex Digestive Structure |
|
|
Term
| The exoskeleton on are arthropod has how many "layers" is it? |
|
Definition
| 2 cuticles and appendages. |
|
|
Term
| in the arthropods the appendages are? |
|
Definition
| tube-like with flexible joints-muscles. |
|
|
Term
| The "outer layer" on an arthropod is called? and made up of? |
|
Definition
Called: epicuticle
made up of lipoprotein |
|
|
Term
The "inner layer" in an arthropod is called?
and made up of? |
|
Definition
called a procuticle
and its inner is hard and made up sclerotized layer of chitin. |
|
|
Term
| The tripoblastic protostomes with spiral/mosaic cleavage, eucoelom and the complete gut are all characteristics of the following phylum(s)? |
|
Definition
| Annelids and mollusks, arthropods |
|
|
Term
| What must a parasite have? |
|
Definition
-Attachment organ
-Collagen to prevent digestion(cuticle)
-Great reproduction |
|
|
Term
| What gains do parasites get when in an animal's intestine? |
|
Definition
-Food
-Water
-Shelter
-Stabel Environment
-Warmth |
|
|
Term
| What negative effects does a parasite suffer when in an intestine? |
|
Definition
-Acidity
-Competition(500+ species of bacterias)
-Constant movement
-Enzymes |
|
|
Term
| It or They exhibit metamerism, ventral solid nerve cord and segmental ganglia are in which phylum(s)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes, and roundwarms |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Parasites have motile cilia. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do muscles run in a Phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phylum(s) have NO cilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a much less toxic way of disposing of ammonia. This is much better tolerated than ammonia. |
|
|
Term
| Are athropods terrestrial? |
|
Definition
| YES. They are truly terrestrial. |
|
|
Term
True or False
Arthropod are the only invertebrates capable of flight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false:
1 of 2 animals are arthropods. |
|
Definition
False.
3 of 4 are arthropods. |
|
|
Term
| What size are arthropods? |
|
Definition
| A very wide range of sizes. |
|
|
Term
| What does arthrop mean in Latin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the cuticle grow? Why? |
|
Definition
| No. The cuticle is mostly made up of collagen. |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of an exoskeleton? |
|
Definition
- Protection (mechanical) (armor)
-Support (internal organs)
-Provides ridgid attachemnt points for muscles
-Impermeable (important for water loss) |
|
|
Term
| What is a disadvantage of an exoskeleton? |
|
Definition
| It does not grow. It it dead! Therefore the animal must molt and be very vulnerable for a period of time. |
|
|
Term
| What is the circulation of arthropods? |
|
Definition
| Oopen circulation. Blood is not in vessels. No capillaries. |
|
|
Term
| What respitory pigments do arthropods have? |
|
Definition
Crustaceans: Her hemocyamin(blue) or hemoglobin(red)
Most have none, which is a conundrum. |
|
|
Term
| What sort of respiration do arthropods have? |
|
Definition
-Gills
-Booklungs
-Trachea-internal tubes that begin on the body surface as spiracles, extend to all parts of the body, and end blindly. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an antennal gland? |
|
Definition
-Also called a green gland.
-Not an actual gland, but a tube
-Urine exits the mouth
-No urea, but uric acid instead. This is less toxic than ammonia. It is almost insoluble, a semi-solid.
-excretory organ in the cephalon of adult crustaceans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One unit of a composed eye that is made up of many of these |
|
|
Term
| Are all spiders poisonous? |
|
Definition
| YES. But only to the animals that they typically eat. |
|
|
Term
| How do flatworms get rid of ammonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collection of nerve cell bodies |
|
|
Term
Do planarians know up from down?
How? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do flatworms do for circulation and respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentratiion, to areas of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
| In the phylum nematoda, How do the muscles and nerve endings connect? |
|
Definition
| The Muscles reach out to the nerve. However with other animals (us), the nerves reach out to the muscle. |
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|
Term
| Ascaris have longitudinal lines (Faint Lines) running the length of the ventral and dorsal surfaces what are they? |
|
Definition
| They are dorsal and ventral NERVE CORDS |
|
|
Term
| In Ascaris, The nerve cords are placed just beneth what? |
|
Definition
| Just beneth the body wall. |
|
|
Term
| In Ascaris, The two OBVIOUS lateral lines indicate the location of ________? |
|
Definition
| The location of EXCRETORY CANALS. |
|
|
Term
| The Excretory Canal leads to the __________? Which is located near the _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organs are thread like tubes found in Ascaris? |
|
Definition
| Ovaries (Reproductive System) |
|
|
Term
| In Ascaris, The mouth leads to the __________? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ribbon-like structure in Ascaris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pharynx leads to the _______________ in Ascaris. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the thin walled structure in Ascaris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The intestine is without ____________ tissue and is only one cell layer thick. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are Ascaris intestines flat and not round as you might have imagined? |
|
Definition
| The intestine is flat so it can diffuse as much as possible and increase surface area. it doesn't need to digest because it is already digested. So it doesnt need to be muscular. it is not round because being flat increases the surface area. in order to absorb more food and excrete more enzymes. |
|
|
Term
| Where are the fuzz-like masses of tissue in Ascaris found? |
|
Definition
| they are found near the dorsal and ventral surfaces |
|
|
Term
| The fuzz-like masses of tissue are _________ extensions of the longitudinal muscle cells whose fibers like the body wall. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do Ascaris have circular muscles yes or no? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dorsal and ventral nerve cords extend the entire length of the Ascaris True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal structure of nematods. |
|
Definition
Body wall(cuticle, muscles, excretory canals, nerve cords)
Bod cavity(pseudocoelum)
Digestive system(complete and very simple)
Reproductive system |
|
|
Term
| What is the general descriptionof Phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
| slender, thread-like (G. nematos = thread), non-segmented worms; body tapered at both ends and circular in cross-section (note common name); white or transparent and “smooth” in appearance |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main habitats of Phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
| Marine, freshwater and moist terrestrial, many parasites(animal and plant) |
|
|
Term
Phylum Nematoda
Coelom and gut type? |
|
Definition
| Pseudocoelomate. Complete gut, bothmouth and anus present. |
|
|
Term
Special featureof nematods. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cuticle(a thick resistant layer of protiens secreted bby epidermis)
-Longitudinal muscles(without circular muscles)
-Pseudocoelom(fluid filled cavaity)
-Hydrastatic skeleton-a product of the preceding 3 structures. |
|
|
Term
| The muscle tissue provides the pathway for what _________ Impulse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two things pass through the excretory canals from the pseudocoelomic fluid and exit the excretory pore? |
|
Definition
1)Excess Water
2) Nitrogenous Wastes |
|
|
Term
| What is the main functin of excretion of nematods? |
|
Definition
| Water balance! NOT matabolic waste,again, this is doen through diffusion. |
|
|
Term
| What special structures do nematods have for respiration and circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name and scientific name of the most common human parasitic worm? |
|
Definition
intestinal worm
Ascaris
Most common infects 1.5 billion |
|
|
Term
| Most common worm infection in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientific name of hookworms that infect 900 million |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Phylum Annelid
General Description |
|
Definition
anellus (L. “little ring”); worms consisting of serially repeated parts (= metamerism); external structures (e.g., setae) & internal structures (e.g., nerve cords, ganglia, muscles, blood vessels, excretory structures) repeated in almost every segment; segments separated internally by partitions called septa (singular = septum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marine, freash water, and moist terrestrial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nearly microscopic to 12 foot long earthworms |
|
|
Term
Annelids
Developmental characteristics. |
|
Definition
| Triploblastic protostomes with spiral/mosaic cleavage and a eucelom(schizocoelous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-earthworms and freshwater worms
-marine worms: active(crawling/burrowing) and inactive(sedentary tube dwellers)
-leeches/bloodsuckers |
|
|
Term
Annelids
Form and Function |
|
Definition
detritus-feeders: swallow detritus (= accumulation of fine particulate organic and inorganic debris)
complete gut: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine (with typhlosole), anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Common in annelids.
Whisker-like projections used to anchor animals. |
|
|
Term
| What are the cuticles of annelids like? |
|
Definition
| Thin and moist, offering little resistance to movement of body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid-filled body cavity. |
|
|
Term
| What is the product of the circular and longitudinal muscles that function to lengthen and shorten the animal and the eucoelom that is a fluid filled body cavity? |
|
Definition
| The hydrastatic skeleton of annelids. |
|
|
Term
| What do (meta) nephridia consist of? |
|
Definition
| Nephrostome, nephric tubula, nephridiopore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invertebrate organs which function similar to kidneys. They remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An animal without a skeletal structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evaginationsof body surface associated with gas(02 and CO2) exchange occuring in sedentary marine worms that live in tubes. |
|
|
Term
| What special features do annelids have for respiration? |
|
Definition
| None. They use general body surface. |
|
|
Term
| What is a key of closed circulatory systems? |
|
Definition
| Blood is in vessels most of the time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No. Their entire circulatory system is contractile. |
|
|
Term
| A few notes on annelid circulation..... |
|
Definition
| ventral vessel carries blood posteriorly and dorsal vessel carries blood anteriorly (valves prevent backflow); capillaries connect ventral & dorsal vessels; aortic arches (not hearts) connect the major vessels anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| What color is hemoglobin when exposed to oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A substance that increases oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Green when oxygenated? |
|
|
Term
| What habitat do arthropods have? |
|
Definition
Marine, fresh water, and terrestrial.
They are the ONLY invertebrates that inhabit land on a large scale and ONLY invertebrates able to fly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Varies from microscopic mites and crustaceans to the 12 foot long Japanese Spider Crab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer waxy(lipoprotein) layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inner hard(sclerotized) layer of chitin(nitrogen containing polysacchride) |
|
|
Term
What are millipeds? ie Typical features |
|
Definition
Round in cross section. 2 pairs legs/body segment. Slow. Herbivores. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dorso-ventrally flattened in cross section. 1 pair of legs/body segment. fast. carnivores. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
marine, fresh water, terrestrial
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| snails that measure 1 millimeter high to clams that are 4 to 5 feet across to squids that are greater than 60 feet long. |
|
|
Term
| What general characteristics dot he the hypothetical ancestral mollusk have? |
|
Definition
-Head-foot-includes the more active portion of body associated with feeding, sensory, and locomotion
-visceral mass- includes internal organs associated with digestion, circulations, respiration, excretion, and reproduction.
-typical structures: foot, visceral mass, mantle, gills, and radula |
|
|
Term
| What are two characteristics of mollusks that are unique to them? Describe. |
|
Definition
Mantle- fold of the body wall that usually secretes a shell and encloses a space called the mantle cavaity which typically contains the gills
radula- toothed, tongue-like structure typically used for feeding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Snails, slugs, nudibranchs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clams, mussels, scallops, oysters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Octupuses, squids, nautiluses, cuttlefishes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most with open circulatory system similar to arthropods
Respiratory pigments: hemoglobin and hemocyanin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aquatic: Use gills in mantle cavity
Terrestrial: Mantle cavity used as lung |
|
|
Term
Mollusks:
h2o balance and excretion |
|
Definition
(meta)nephridia similar to annelids
Nitrogenous waste products:aquatic species excrete ammonia; terrestrial species excretes uric acid |
|
|
Term
Five Definitive Chordate Characteristics
Notochord
|
|
Definition
| a longitudinal, flexible rod composed of a gelatinous material which is located dorsal to the guit and ventral to the nerve cord. Prvides support and aids in locomotion. |
|
|
Term
Five Characteristics of Chordates
Nerve chord |
|
Definition
| Dorsal to the notochord and hollow |
|
|
Term
Five Characteristics of Chordates
Pharyngeal Slits |
|
Definition
| Pharynx posses openings which allow water that entered through the mouth to exit the pharynx. |
|
|
Term
Five Characteristics of Chordates
Endostyle |
|
Definition
| In the floor of the pharynx. Secretes mucus that traps food particles int eh pharynx. |
|
|
Term
Five Characteristics of Chordates
Post-anal tail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chrordate Characteristics
Two additional Characteristics |
|
Definition
1. Closed circulatory system
2. Complete gut |
|
|
Term
Chordates
Living Endoskeleton |
|
Definition
Grows with the animal, permits almost unlimited body size
Provides support, protection, and rigid attachemtn points for muscles. |
|
|
Term
| In Echinoderms, tube feet provide surface area for respiration. True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gastrovascular cavity is a unique feature of echinoderms True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
most insects exhibit which type of metamorphisis?
a) Gradual b) Complex
c)Incomplete d) Complete |
|
Definition
| d) Complete metamorphisis |
|
|
Term
| Mollusks can be found in marine fresh water and terrestrial habitats. True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is no single structure that is both unique to mollusks and common among all of them. True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest phylum of Animals on the planet in terms of species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not characteristic of members of the phylum Arthropoda?
a)They are triploblastic
b)They exhibit metamerism
c)They have a closed circulatory system
d)They exhibit spiral cleavage |
|
Definition
| c)They have a closed circulatory system is FALSE arthropoda has an open circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| Arthropods are triploblastic True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1)Embryology. a mouth that develops separately from the blastopore.
2. Taxonomy. any member of the phyla (Chordata, Hemichordata, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha) in which the anus appears first, developing at or near the blastopore, cleavage is radial and indeterminate, and the mesoderm and coelom form from outgrowths of the primitive gut. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the most common worm parasite in the United states?
a) Hookworm
b)Roundworm
c)Whipworm
d)Pinworm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the phylum Arthropoda, the anus appears first, developing at or near the blastopore, cleavage is radial and indeterminate, and the mesoderm and coelom form from outgrowths of the primitive gut. True or False |
|
Definition
This is false.
If the anus was to develop first, this would mean arthropods are deuterostomes. They are not. |
|
|
Term
which of the following phyla we studied are deuterostomes?
a) Chordata, Echinodermata
b) Arthropoda, Mollusca
c) Nematoda, Annelida
d) Molluska, Echinodermata |
|
Definition
| a) Chordata, Echinodermata |
|
|
Term
Which of the following structures is not a part of an earthworm's digestive system?
a)crop
b)parapodia
c)gizzard
d)typhlosole
e)intestinal lumen |
|
Definition
| b)parapodia is not a structure in the earthworm's digestive system |
|
|
Term
| Typhlosole belongs to what phyla? What is it? Why do they have the typhosole? |
|
Definition
Typhlosole is a longitudinal fold (infolding) of the intestinal wall in certain invertebrates (annelids and many bivalve mollusks)
why do they have this infold? To increase the absorptive and digestive surface area of the intestine. |
|
|
Term
| Define Crop. What is another name for crop? Out of the phylums studied what phylum has this and what is it's function? |
|
Definition
Also called craw.
a. a chamber or pouch in the foregut of arthropods and annelids for holding and partly crushing food. |
|
|
Term
| Define Gizzard what is it's function in earthworms? |
|
Definition
1. Also called gastric mill. a similar structure in the foregut of arthropods, earthworms and several other invertebrates, often lined with chitin and small teeth.
3. the innards or viscera collectively, esp. the intestine and stomach. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a.one of the unjointed rudimentary limbs or processes of locomotion of many worms, as annelids.
b.One of the fleshy paired appendages of polychete annelids that function in locomotion and breathing. |
|
|
Term
| What are Protoplasmic Extensions? Found in what phylum? |
|
Definition
| They are the fuzz like masses of tissue. In phylum nematoda |
|
|
Term
| In which part of the body can protoplasmic extensions be found? |
|
Definition
| Near the dorsal and ventral surfaces |
|
|
Term
| Protoplasmic extensions are the extensions of what? |
|
Definition
| The longitudinal muscle cells |
|
|
Term
| In ohylum nematoda, what is the function of longitudinal muscle cells? |
|
Definition
| Their fibers line the body wall. |
|
|
Term
| In Ascaris, what two things pass through the excretory canals from the pseudocoelomic fluid and exit the exretory pore? |
|
Definition
1)Excess water
2)Nitrogenous wastes |
|
|
Term
| Do Ascaris have respirator and circulatory systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is oxygen released in Ascaris? |
|
Definition
| By the chemical breakdown of glycogen stores in the body. |
|
|
Term
| How does food diffuse in Ascaris? |
|
Definition
| Food difuses from the intestine into the fluid that fills the psuedocoelm |
|
|
Term
| Do nematodes have cillia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do nematodes circulate materials in their pseudocoelomic fluid? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| The female reproductive system consits of a pair of very long convoluted tubes that ultimately join and lead to what pore? |
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Definition
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Term
| The thinnest of the tubes usually near the posterior end of the nematoda is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ovaries gradually enlarge into slightly thicker _______? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oviducts have what function? |
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Definition
| Oviducts transport eggs produced by the ovaries to the uteri (plural for uterus) |
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Term
| Is the uteri thicker or thinner than oviducts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the plural word for Uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The uteri merge to form a short tube known as the __________? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vagina leads to the _______ pore? |
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Definition
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Term
| Female Ascaris releases how many eggs per day into the pig intestine? |
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Definition
| 200,000 - 2 Million eggs per day |
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Term
| Infection by Ascaris results from what? |
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Definition
| From unsanitary conditions that lead to the ingestion of eggs that have been passed out of another infected organsim's digestive tract. |
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Term
| In Ascaris the male reproductive tract consits of a ______ thread-like testis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum. |
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Term
| Why are bigger organisms divided into many cell compartments? |
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Definition
| It's to increase the surface area to volume ratio. |
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Term
| True or False: In Echinoderms, the larval stage exhibits bilateral symmetry and adults exhibit radial symmetry. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Tagmatization describes the embryonic fusion of two or more body segments. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is a specialized grouping of arthropodan segments, such as the head, the thorax, and the abdomen with a common function. The segments of a tagma may be either fused or moveable. |
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Term
Which of the following is not one of the five definitive characteristics of chordates?
a.Post-anal tail
b.Vertebrae
c.Dorsal hollow nerve cord
d.Pharyngeal slits
e.Endostyle |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Amphibians can live in moist terrestrial enviornments, but must enter fresh water in order to reproduce. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Most fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are endothermic. |
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Definition
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Term
| All fish posses jaws. True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Most fishes follow the mode of reproduction called oviparous. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following groups of animals are amniotes?
a.Reptiles,Amphibians,Birds,Mammals
b.Amphibians,Birds,Mammals
c.Fish,Birds,Reptiles
d.Reptiles,Birds,Mammals |
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Definition
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Term
Which characteristic of chordates probably first evolved as a filter-feeding structure and secondarily became adapted for respiration?
a.Endostyle
b.Gills
c.Pharyngeal slits
d.Branchiostegal rays |
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Definition
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Term
What one of the following is not one of the advantages of an exoskeleton?
a.Impermeable layer
b.Growth
c.Support
d.Rigid attachments for muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unique feature of echinoderms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure is unique to mollusks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hookworms is also known as_______? How can the infect animals? |
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Definition
Hookworms also known as : Ancylostoma
Animals can get them by contact with soil infested with juveniles the burrown into the skin; common in southern states |
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Term
Pinworms are also known as___________?
They infect by? |
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Definition
Pinworms are also known as Enterobius.
They infect through inhalation of dust ccontaining ova and by contamination with fingers; most common worm parasite in the U.S. |
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Term
| Intestinal Roundworms are also known as _________? They infect by? |
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Definition
| Intestinal Roundworms are also known as Ascaris. They infect by Ingestion of ova containing embryos in contaminated food, common in rural areas of Appalachia and southern states |
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Term
| Trichina worm is also known as __________? They infect animals by? |
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Definition
| Trichina worm is also known as Trichinella. They infect animals by ingestion of infected muscle, occasional in humans throughout North America. |
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Term
| What structures are part of an earthworms digestive system and what are there functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name four definitive characteristics of Chordates |
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Definition
Post-anal tail
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Endostyle |
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Term
| In chordates what is the purpose / function of the post-anal tail? |
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Definition
Post anal tail
-generally supported by notochord or vertebral column
-provides method of locomotion in aquatic chordates
-present in humans as coccyx; in most other mammals as wagging tail. |
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Term
| In chordates, what is the function / purpse of the dorsal hollow nerve cord? |
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Definition
Tubular nerve cord
-single, dorsal; anterior end enlarged into brain
-largely responsible for chordate success
-nerve cord runs along longitudinal axis, dorsal to notochord
-this central nervous system associated w/development of complex systems for
sensory perception, integration and motor responses |
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Term
| In chordates, what is the function / purpose of pharyngeal slits? |
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Definition
Pharyngeal gill slits
-series of openings in pharyngeal region between digestive tract and outside body.
-in some chordates, have become:
*gill pouches (gills never break to outside)
*earliest chordates used them for filter feeding
*some (fishes) have developed gills in pharyngeal pouches for gas exchange
*gill slits of higher vertebrates are mainly embryonic |
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Term
| In chordates, what is the function / purpose of Endostyle? |
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Definition
| In chordates, the endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. |
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Term
| Name 3 interesting facts about Nematoda |
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Definition
From sand box and cat poop
Simple organs
beginning of muscle development |
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Term
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Definition
| a radially symmetrical invertebrate that lives on the ocean floor and has an internal skeleton and a water vascular system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid filled internal tubes that carry food and oxygen, removes waste, help with movement |
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Term
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Definition
| thin worms, round worms, and worm-from dogs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are platyhelminthes recognized? |
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Definition
| Called flatworms, they have a dorsoventrally flattened body |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that have a third major tissue layer, the mesoderm, that develops between the embryological ectoderm and endoderm. |
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Term
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Definition
| suction cup-like feet that squeeze together forcing water into structures |
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Term
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Definition
| flattened bodies, triploblastic, have a recognizable head and tail, bilaterally symmetrical, lack a body cavity, acoelomates, well developed nervous, excretory, muscular and digestive systems, have the organ-system level of complexity, incomplete digestive tract because only has one opening for both mouth and anus, some parasitic organisms live in thier hosts' gut and absorb their nutrients; these organisms completly lack a digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that lack a body cavity between the gut and the outer body wall |
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Term
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Definition
Common: Round worms because of their nearly-circular cross section
have a complete digestive tract
one of their major adaptations is their cuticle, excreted by the epidermis |
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Term
| Why are the cross sections of nematodes circular? |
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Definition
because they hold in so much pressure that their sides bulge in all directions
some are freeliving while some are parasitic
bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic |
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Term
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Definition
| the cavity found in a tube within a tube body form. it is found between the wall of the gut and the body wall. it functions in the circulation and distribution of material throughout the body as a hydrostatic skeleton functioning in locomotion. |
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Term
| The classification of worms is based on their what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A planarian is a member of what phylum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability of an organism to regrow lost parts is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| there is an anus seprate from a mouth and food travels through a tract in only one direction |
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Term
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Definition
| leads to the ejaculatory duct. The testis leads to a sperm duct which leads to the seminal vessel which leads to the ejaculatory duct which leads to the genital pore. |
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