Term
| How many muscles in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle is made from two kinds of filaments |
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Definition
actin and myosin
MUSCLE FIBER=MUSCLE CELL |
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Term
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Definition
| A nerve impulse is sent to a muscle and causes the release of calcium ions. This causes myosin filaments to grab the actin filaments. ATP energy is used to bend the myosin filament heads inward. This pulls the actin filaments closer together and shortens the muscle. More ATP is used to separate the actin and myosin filaments and the whole process repeats over and over again until the muscle is fullt contracted. ATP is then used reabsorb the calcium, which prevents actin and myosin from binding and allows the muscle to relax. |
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Term
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Definition
| Duchenne MD is most common form. Involve mutations in the dystrophin gene that makes a shock-absorber protein in muscle cells. Without this protein, muscles get too damanged during regular use and cannot repair. Muscle cells die and are replaced by fibrous tissue (collagen, adipose tissue). |
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Definition
| No ATP is available to pump calcium away so actin and myosin filaments remain stuck together and muscles become rigid and stiff. Occurs for a short time after death. |
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Definition
| imbalance in blood ions, dehydration, or over-exertion causes involuntary release of calcium ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of lactic acid after anabolic exercise |
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Term
| What causes muscle fatigue? |
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Definition
| Calcium channels become leaky, muscles can’t fully contract or relax |
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Term
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Definition
Fast-Twitch - white fibers=little myoglobin, explosive speed, no endurance, few mitochondria, rely on anaerobic respiration so lactic acid builds up.
Examples: rabbit, turkey, cheetah, flounder, swordfish
Slow-Twitch - red fibers=more myoglobin, slow speed, good endurance, many mitochondria, rely on aerobic respiration so long lasting.
Examples: wolf, dog, swift bird
BOTH: pronghorn antelope, tuna |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that can store oxygen in muscles |
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Term
| Three Systems for Generating ATP Energy in Muscles: |
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Definition
1) Phosphagen System- creatine phosphate stores phosphate for ATP in muscles. Lasts about ten seconds.
2) Glycolytic System- gulcogen for fuel, glycolysis and lactate fermentation to burn it, lasts 1-2 minutes, anaerobic
3) Aerobic Respiration- slowest way to make ATP but can last for several hours |
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Term
| Do different muscle fiber types prefer different food sources? |
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Definition
Yes
Fast-Twitch- prefer sugars and glycolosis for quick ATP energy but don’t last long. Anaerobic.
Slow-Twitch- store fats and use ETC for long-term ATP production. Aerobic. |
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