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Carbs/Proteins
may 13 Class 3
36
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/12/2015

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Term

What does this mean? 

φ

Definition
Hydrophobic
Term
What should we look for to see if a molecule will attract another molecule?
Definition
  • shape
  • charge (+ go for -)
  • hydrophobicity (hydrophobic goes for hydrophobic, hydrophilic goes for hydrophilic)
Term
Is hydrophobic postively charged or negatively charged?
Definition
negative
Term
If given a molecule, would a molecule with a negative charge bind with a hydrophobic?
Definition
No, It would repulse each other
hydrophobic=negative
negative go against negative
Term
Do molecules bend?
Definition
Yes, an example would be if a substrate were bonding to an enzyme
Term
Do shapes always have to fill the holes and have to match in order to fit another shape?
Definition
No
Term
What is a macromolecule?
Definition
polymer (or other large molecules) formed form combinations of sinple repeating units
Term
Why do macromolecules have a great diversity?
Definition
there are a variety of combination
Term
What are the multiple roles that macromolecules perform?
Definition

Functional 

Structural

Energy Storage

Informaiton Storage

Term
What is a dehydration reaction?
Definition

Synthesizing a polymer, links/forms chains of macromolecules

removes a water molecule(H2O), forming a new bond

Term
How do monomers link together?
Definition
They remove water to form a new bond
Term
What is hydrolysis?
Definition
breaking down a polymer, adding a water molecule to break a bond
Term
What are the four major classes of macromolecules?
Definition
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Term
What is the four major classes of macromolecules critical info?
Definition

Chem composition

names of monomers and polymers

types of linking bonds

cellular roles

Term
What are Carbohydrates comprised of?
Definition
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Term
What is the Carbohydrate monomer?
Definition
Monosaccharide
Term
What are the two the Carbohydrate polymers?
Definition

Disaccharide- two monomers

Polysaccharide- more than two monomers

Term
Where do most monosaccharides exist?
Definition
in an equilibrium between linear and ring isomeric form
Term
What form are most monosaccharides in aqueous solutions?
Definition
ring form
Term
What are 3 distinguishing characteristics in monosaccharides?
Definition
  • number of carbons in a linear ring
  • number of carbons in ring
  • arrangement of side chains (both linear and circular)
Term
What are disaccharides and polsaccharides joined by?
Definition
dyhydration reaction, creating a glycosidic linkage
Term
What binds monosaccharides ( Disaccharides and Polysaccharides)?
Definition
glycosidic bonds
Term
Where do polysaccharids exist?
Definition
in many forms in differnt organisms, playing a range of roles
Term
Do polysaccharides have complex branching structures?
Definition
They can, so yes.
Term
Give an example of structural carboydrates in animals
Definition

Chitin

makes the exoskeleton of bugs

Term
What functions do polysaccharides play?
Definition
energy storage(glycogen=animal storage in animals) or structural role (cellulose)
Term
When forming a polysaccharide, does it have to consist the same monosaccharide?
Definition
It can, but it doesn't have to. Carbohydrates can be made up of the same monomer unit, or different monomers strung together.
Term
What can polysaccharides be attached to?
Definition
proteins, lipids, or other macromolecules
Term
What is a protein made out of?
Definition
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
a little Sulfer
Term
What is a peptidoglycan, and where are they seen?
Definition

protein-carbohydrate structure

seen in bacteria

Term
What is the monomer for a protein called?
Definition
an amino acid
Term
What is the polymer of a protein called?
Definition
polypeptide
Term
What are the functions of a protein?
Definition
There are "Many (many, many) different functions"
Term
What are 8 examples on what proteins do?
Definition
Enzymatic
Defensive
Storage
Transport
Hormonal
Receptor
Structural
Contractile and motor
Term
Describe the structure of an amino acid?
Definition

Carbon in the middle surronded by

Amino group

Carboxyl

Side chain (R)

Term
What are the 4 characteristics that amino acid side chains are grouped on?
Definition

nonpolar = hydrophobic

polar = hydrophilic

Acidic = electrically charged side chains, hydrophilic (negative)

Basic = Electrically charged side chains, hydrophillic (positive)

 

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