Term
|
Definition
| Dominant generation of non-vascular plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dependent on and attached to the gametophyte (2n) generation |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of nonascular tissue |
|
Definition
| Typically none to very little amount of vascular tissue in these plants; reasons why they are so small |
|
|
Term
What are the 3 phylums of non-vascular plants?
|
|
Definition
| Lierworts, Hornworts, and Mosses |
|
|
Term
| What's the phylum of mosses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the diploid gametophyte generation after they are fully matured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meiosis forms what nonvascular developmental structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the male and female parts of the gametophytes in nonvascular plants? |
|
Definition
| Antheridium and Archegonium |
|
|
Term
| What process do the gametophytes of nonvascular plants undergo and what is the result? |
|
Definition
| They undergo fertilization which results in a zygote |
|
|
Term
| What type of plant has a diploid stalk structure with a haploid gametophyte structure directly attached beneath it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do sporophytes of nonvascular plants undergo photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are gametophytes of nonvascular plants small? (2 reasons) |
|
Definition
1)They have no vascular tissue
2) sperm must have water droplets to carry them to the archegonium |
|
|
Term
| Why must sporophytes of non-vascular plants stay small? |
|
Definition
| They are dependent on the gametophytes which are small |
|
|
Term
| What is the dominant generation of seedless vascular plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the dominant generations of non-vascular plants and seedless vascular plants differ in dominant generations? |
|
Definition
| Seedless vascular plant dominant generation are sporophytes while the gametophytes are the dominant generation of the non-vascular plants |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of seedless vascular gametophytes? |
|
Definition
| small, free living; and most photosynthetic |
|
|
Term
| What is the common example of the lifecycle of a seedless vascular plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the gametophytes of the seedless vascular plants known as? |
|
Definition
| Antheridium and Archegonium (same as non-vascular) |
|
|
Term
| What is the diploid 2n generation of the seedless vascular plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the reproductive structures on the underside of ferns known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are sori of seedless vascular plants filled with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the structure that covers the sorus and protects it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the sori (plural) on the bottom of ferns filled with and what do they undergo before being dispersed? |
|
Definition
| Filled with spores and they underwent meiosis to form a haploid (n) stage |
|
|
Term
| What is the leaf of the fern called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the stem of the fern called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the underground stem, characteristic to seedless non vascular plants, known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are little branches coming from rhizomes known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two phyla of seedless vascular plants? |
|
Definition
Phylum Lycopodiophyta--
Look like christmas trees
Phylum Pteridophyta--
Ferns |
|
|
Term
What are the three types of Pteridophytes?
|
|
Definition
1) Ferns
2)Horse Tails
3) Whisk Ferns |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of horsetails? |
|
Definition
Spores are produced in cone structures
Leaves are highly reduced Euphylls,
Jointed stems that are green and photosynthetic |
|
|
Term
| Where are the spores produced in whisk ferns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of Whisk Ferns |
|
Definition
| no leaes or roots, all stems branch dichotomously |
|
|
Term
| What are the specialized organs and tissues of seedless vascular plants and what do they do? |
|
Definition
Stems- support
Roots- anchor and carry nutrients
Leaves- photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the leaves of seedless vascular plants and how are they different? |
|
Definition
1) Lycophyl- single veined
2) Euphyll- branched vascular system |
|
|
Term
Describe the process of how leaves originated
(3 steps) |
|
Definition
1) Began with a dominating branch system
2) Branch system flattened out on a single plain
3) Photosynthetic tissue filled the spaces in between branches of of the newly flattened plain |
|
|
Term
| What are the two tissue types of vascular tissue? |
|
Definition
1) Xylem-the wood of the plant that is one of two transport tissue of the plant. Transports water and nutrients in plant.
2) Phloem-inner most layer of bark; primarily transports sucrose (photosynthetic sugar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Living tissue that carries photosynthetic sugars (sucrose) through the plant |
|
|
Term
| What are adaptions that seedless vascular plants made for water conservation and water management? (2) |
|
Definition
-Waxy Cuticle- non living coating that protects plant from drying out
-Stromata-pores present so that oxygen and H20 can circulate in and out of the leaves |
|
|
Term
| What are the most anctient land plants? |
|
Definition
| 500-400 mya, small and soft bodied liverwarts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Asteroid struck the planet, threw up dust, blocked sunlight, and decreased the temperature of the earth. It got so cold that many plants and animals went extinct. This allowed for niches to open up. |
|
|
Term
| What period was the KT event in? |
|
Definition
| Cretacious and Tertiary (65 million years ago) |
|
|
Term
| What are some ecological effects of ancient vascular plants? |
|
Definition
-Reduced CO2 levels and increased O2 levels
-Greatly increased the size of insects because 02 passively flows in their bodies. They grew smaller due to the decrease in O2 over the years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All spores are the same size or essentially identical. 1 type of spore produced by plant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Production of 2 different types of spores. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of spores developed by heterosporous seed plants? |
|
Definition
Megaspores-Few produced in plant
Microspores- Many produced; found in the sporangia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formed within the microspores after meiosis
-These are the male gametophytes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-These are formed after meiosis within the megaspore
-These are female gametophytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of microspores and megaspores in seeded plants? |
|
Definition
| Megaspores/Microspores--Meiosis--Megasporocyte/Microsporocyte--Mitosis--Megaspores/Microspores |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Seed Plants |
|
Definition
-Heterosporous (micro/mega spores)
-Sporophyte is dominant generation
Male and female gametophytes are highly reduced |
|
|
Term
| What are the immature male gametophytes known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pollen grain releases from a sporophyte to .. |
|
Definition
| Grow tubes and deelop sperm |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of the memale gametophytes of seeded plants? |
|
Definition
| Female gametophytes develop within ovules and remain attached to the sporophyte |
|
|
Term
| What's the opening at the top of the ovule of the female gametophyte of a seeded plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats the outter covering of the ovule in a seeded plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats the main circular structure wrapped by the integument of the ovule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What grows within the megasporangium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the megaspore mother cell undergo to develop into the mega gametophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many daughter megasopres are formed after the megaspore undergoes meiosis and how many live? What does the living daughter megaspore turn in to? |
|
Definition
3 die and only 1 lives
Megagametophyte! |
|
|
Term
| What does the megagametophyte develop in to? |
|
Definition
| Forms the archegonium of the seeded plant. The archegonium contains eggs. |
|
|
Term
| What occurs within the archegonium? |
|
Definition
| Seed development and fertilization |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for a fully matured ovule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the seed coat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two groups of seed plants? |
|
Definition
| Gymnosperms and angiosperms |
|
|
Term
What don't gymnosperms produce and what are the the characteristics of gymnosperms?
(gym=naked; sperm=seed) |
|
Definition
-Gymnosperms don't produce flowers
-Develops wood as the secondary xylem |
|
|
Term
| How is the development as wood as the secondary xylem a significant evolutionary mark for plants? |
|
Definition
-It develops very thick walls for strength
-walls are "lignified"-ligin--chemical compound that increases durability
-Trees are able to grow TALLER! |
|
|
Term
| What are the four phyla of gymnosperms!? |
|
Definition
1)Phylum Cycadophyta
2)Phylum Gincophyta
3)Phylum Gnetophyta
4)Phylum Pinophyta |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Cycads from phylum cycadophyta? |
|
Definition
-Old tropical natives
-Dioceous
-Nitrogen fixing plant |
|
|
Term
| What is it when each plant produces both a male and female parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it when a plant produces seperate female and male parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of Phylum Ginkophyta? |
|
Definition
-Only species of their phylum
-Dioecious
-Create a fleshy seed
-Produces Aerol, this smells bad
-Hard to reproduce |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Gnetophyta? |
|
Definition
-Doesn't produce flowers
-Diecious
-Found on west coast |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Conifers from phylum Pinophyta? |
|
Definition
-Needle trees
-Differentiated; 50 genera
-Monoecious
-Oldest and biggest trees |
|
|
Term
| Angiosperms are known as seeded plants that develop what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two traditional classes of angiosperms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the receptacles of the flower? |
|
Definition
| Bottom rounded green part where sepals/petals extend from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vase shaped structure that holds the ovaries |
|
|
Term
| What lies within the ovaries of a flower? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Andrecium mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Gynoceium mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tall balloon like structures that surround the Pistil of a flower? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the balloons of the stamen and what would be the string of the stamen in a flower? |
|
Definition
Anther- Balloon
Fillament- String |
|
|
Term
What are all the petals together known as?
Sepals? |
|
Definition
All petals? Corolla
All Sepals? Calyx |
|
|
Term
| What structure of a flower creates a fruit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The diversity of fruit reflects what type of strategy? |
|
Definition
| Dissemination strategies (spreading of seeds) |
|
|
Term
| Immature Male Gametophytes of a flowering plant consist of... |
|
Definition
| A generative cell and a tube cell |
|
|
Term
| An immature female gametophyte of a flowering plant lies in the ovule and consists of.. |
|
Definition
-1 egg
-2 polar nuclei
-Embryo Sac |
|
|
Term
| A flower of a flowering plant consists of what stage? |
|
Definition
| Mature sporophyte stage (2n) |
|
|
Term
| What process do microsporocytes and megasporocytes undergo within their gametic structures that before being able to reproduce? |
|
Definition
Meiosis
This stage enters them in to a haploid stage |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when a pollen grain (immature male gametophyte) enters the stamen of the pistil of a flowering plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What special process occurs within the egg nucleus of a flowering plant and what are the results from this event? |
|
Definition
-Double fertilization
-Sperm fertalizes the two polar nuclei as well as the egg nucleus
-The fertilized polar nuclei turns in to a 3n Endosperm
-The fertilized egg turns in to a Zygote |
|
|
Term
| What are pollination syndromes of Angiosperms? |
|
Definition
| Sets of characteristics of flowers that are designated to attract to certain pollinators |
|
|
Term
| What are the common animals that pollinate flowers? |
|
Definition
Beetles--eat pollen
Bees--common, nectar guides and flowers create a landing platform
Moth/Butterfly--Have a probosels as a drinking straw: only surive on nectar
Humming Birds--usually red, pink, orange, and see same light as us. Pollen brushes on body. They don't have landing strips like insects do
Flys--Look for dead animals. Flowers "imitate" dead bodies. Ex) Stink cabbage actually heats up so smell travels further to attract flies. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adaptations for fruit and seed dispersal? |
|
Definition
-'Vector' seed dispersal by animal, wind, and water
-Fruit dispersing to attract animals
-Burs attach to fur of animals
-Coconuts are designed to float in teh ocean
|
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 animal characteristics? |
|
Definition
1) Multicellular
2) Heterotrophic
3) Cells are usually organized into complete tissues
4) Most have nervous and muscle systems
5) Most are motile
6) Most reproduce sexually |
|
|
Term
| What are the traditional classification of animals? |
|
Definition
-Presence or absence of different tissues
-Type of body symmetry
-Presence or absence of a true body cavity
Patterns of embryonic development |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification by presence or absence and what animals does it apply to? |
|
Definition
-Classification Metazoa
-Applies to all animals |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Parazoa (sponges) |
|
Definition
| Almost, but not quite an animal. Consists of sponges with no true tissues and no symmetry. Cells actually function together and individually like a colonial cell. |
|
|
Term
| Eumetazoa characteristics? |
|
Definition
| true animals with complex tissues and bodies with body symmetry |
|
|
Term
| What are the classifications of body symmetry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two classifications by germ layer? (embryonic cell layers) |
|
Definition
| Diploblastic and Triploblastic |
|
|
Term
| What is a diploblastic animal? |
|
Definition
One that develops from 2 germ layers.
Had an ectoderm and an endoderm.
Also has a Mesoglea=gelatinous layer |
|
|
Term
| What is a triploblastic animal? |
|
Definition
| One that develops from three germ layers. |
|
|
Term
| What are the tree germ layers of a triploblastic animal? |
|
Definition
Endoderm (center)
Mesoderm (middle)
Ectoderm (outer most layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acoelomate animals are usually ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acoelomate characteristics? |
|
Definition
Digestive tract in the center
Endoderm that lines the digestive tract
Mesoderm that lies between endoderm and ectoderm; mesoderm becomes muscles and organs
Ectoderm is the outer most germ layer that becomes the skin |
|
|
Term
| Pseudocoelomate characteristics? |
|
Definition
Digestive tract in the middle
Endoderm outside of digestive tract
Pseudocoelom outside of endoderm (fluid filled)
Mesoderm outside of pseudocoelom
Ectoderm as the outer most layer |
|
|
Term
| Coelomate characteristics? |
|
Definition
Digestive tract in the middle
Endoderm surrounding the digestive tract
Mesoderm that surrounds the Endoderm
Coelum that acts as two cavities inbetween layers of the mesoderm
An outer layer of mesoderm
Finally, the ectoderm |
|
|
Term
| What are the classifications of embryonic development? |
|
Definition
| Protostomes and Deuterostomes |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic pattern for embryonic development for all animals starting with the zygote (2n)? |
|
Definition
| Zygote-->division by mitosis cleavage-->Blastula(hollow blastocoel)-->Gastrulation-->Gastrula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal opening of the gastrula |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of a gastrula working your way up and out from the Blastopore opening? |
|
Definition
| Blastopore opening--Blastocoel--Endoderm--Mesoderm--Ectoderm |
|
|
Term
| What type of cleavage derives from the development of a protostome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the blastospore become a mouth or an anus during the development of a protostome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cleavage excises a cell and arrests the continuation of the developmental process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cleavage derives from the development of a deuterostome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a deuterostome's blastospore become its mouth or anus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of phylum porifera? |
|
Definition
-mostly marine
-almost entirely sponges
-most primitive of all animals |
|
|
Term
| What is the wall of the sponge lined with? |
|
Definition
| Collar cells, amoeboecytes, and spicules |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of an amoebacyte? |
|
Definition
| distributes most of the food absorbed by collar cells; digests food particles |
|
|
Term
| H20 enters the pores of a sponge and enters out the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gelatinous matrix that holds the sponge body together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a spicule of the sponge? |
|
Definition
| -A hard product of the outer layer |
|
|
Term
| What are collar cells responsible for in sponges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two cells together act as the mode of digestion in sponges? |
|
Definition
| Collar cells and amoebacytes |
|
|
Term
| How can sponges reproduce? |
|
Definition
Two ways.
-Asexually via fragmentation
-Sexually; sponges are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both sexual entities |
|
|
Term
| What does Subkingdom Eumetazoa include? |
|
Definition
| Animals of different symmetries (radiata as well as bilateral) |
|
|
Term
| What are the classes of phylum Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
Class Hydrozoa
Class Scyphozoa
Class Anthozoa
Class Cubozoa |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of animals from class Hydrozoa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats an example of class scyphozoa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of class Anthozoa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of class Cubozoa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two body plans of Phylum Cnidaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the Polyp body plan? |
|
Definition
-Sesile; anchored to rocks
-Soft bodied tubes with tentacles
-Carries gastrovascular cavities for digestion
-----Corals secret outer skeletons |
|
|
Term
| Whats the Medusa body plan like? |
|
Definition
-Free swimming
-Jellyfish
-Has a mesoglea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Organisms that can be in both forms: Polyp and Medusa |
|
|
Term
| What phylum contains specialized stinging cells and what are they called? What are inside of these stinging cells? |
|
Definition
-Cnidaria
-Cnidocytes; Nematocysts |
|
|
Term
| What phylum contains specialized stinging cells and what are they called? What are inside of these stinging cells? |
|
Definition
-Cnidaria
-Cnidocytes; Nematocysts |
|
|
Term
| What is the common type of organism connected to phylum Platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phylum Platyhelminthes includes these characteristics: |
|
Definition
-Acoelomate: no body cavity
-Cephalization
-Branched digestive tract |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Lophophorata trait? |
|
Definition
| Come from the trait of having a ciliated ring of tentacles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ciliated ring of tentacles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of Class Bivalvia? |
|
Definition
Clams, Mussels, and Oysters (left and right shells)
Filter feeders
One way digestie tract |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Class Cephalopoda |
|
Definition
Squid, Octopus, Cuttle fish, Nautilus
Predators of Molluska |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Annelida's primary organism is the _______ _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phylum annelida: closed circulatory system and cavities also function to carry nutrients and waste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gas exchange across the epidermis (skin) of the annalid |
|
|
Term
| The body cavity of an annelid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of segmentation? |
|
Definition
| Paves the path for evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phylum Annelida--
-Parapodia--almost feet
-A well developed head |
|
|
Term
| Class Oligochaeta is famous for what organism? What are some characteristics of this class? |
|
Definition
-Earthworm
-Eats its own weight in soil every day, important for conditioning soil for plant utility, act as rich fertilizers, have a one-way digestive tract, and are Hermaphrodites |
|
|
Term
| Class Hirudinea are famous for what animal? What are some characteristics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of animals lie within the Ecdysozoa Subkingdom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molding, shedding of cuticle or covering |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Nematoda are famous for what type of organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of phylum nematoda? |
|
Definition
-They are small pseudoceolomate worms
-most are less than a mm long
-They have 2 protective coverings called a cuticle |
|
|
Term
| What germ layer secretes a cuticle that must be shed periodically as the animal grows for the Phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unique physical characteristic of phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
| Pseudocoelom fluid-filled/hydrostatic skeleton |
|
|
Term
| What is a term to call the fused, functional units of the segmented bodies on the Phylum Arthropoda? |
|
Definition
| Tagmata (functional subunit) |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Anthropoda have complex sensory organs and nervous systems. Some of structures of these include: |
|
Definition
| Brain, cerebral ganglion, ventral nerve cord, eyes, sound receptors, and an antannae |
|
|
Term
| What type of circulatory system do those in phylum Anthropoda have? |
|
Definition
| Open circulatory systems (conatain hymolymph that fills the fluid cavity) |
|
|
Term
| What is the gas exchange from phylum arthropoda done by? (structures) |
|
Definition
| Spiracles, trachea, and tracheoles |
|
|
Term
| Incomplete metamorphasis? |
|
Definition
Least common.
-Nymph stages--changes in size and can be multiple staged
-grasshoppers/cockroaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contain larval stages
-most common |
|
|
Term
| Evolution/Importance of evolved wings from class insecta? |
|
Definition
| -Did not evolve from jointed appendages but from scales |
|
|
Term
| Importance of evolved mouth parts? |
|
Definition
-Evolved from jointed appendages
-Allows for sucking nectar, lapping liquids, and many other specialized parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When an animal goes through a series of molts |
|
|
Term
| What animals are in class crustacea and what phylum does this class belong to? |
|
Definition
Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles, and their relatives.
Phylum anthropoda |
|
|
Term
| Deuterostomes inlcude which two phylums? |
|
Definition
| Phylums echodermata and chordata |
|
|
Term
| Describe characteristics of phylum echinodermada? |
|
Definition
"spiny skin" in Greek
Have Endoskeletons
Water vascular systems
Can regrow limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a water vascular system in Echinodermatas? |
|
Definition
| Locomotion,respiration, and feeding |
|
|
Term
| What are the four critical evolutionary innovations of the chordates? |
|
Definition
1-Development of a notochord
2-Dorsal, tubular nerve cord
3-Pharyngeal slits (evolved from gills)
4-Post anal tail |
|
|
Term
| What is the famous class of the craniates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the key characteristics of the craniates? |
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Definition
1) Cranium
2) Neural Crest
3) They lack a vertebrae |
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Term
| What are the key characteristics of vertebrates? |
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Definition
-Vertebral column made up of vertebrae
Replaces the notochord with bony cartillage
-Endoskeleton of cartilage or bone
-Internal organs |
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Term
| Vertebrates inlcuded what types of fish? |
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Definition
-Jawless
-Jawed
-Bony
-Lobe-finned |
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Term
| What are the Gnathostomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of jawed vertebrates? |
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Definition
-Jaws
-Endoskeletons
-two pairs of appendages vthat develop as fins |
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Term
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Definition
-Pharyngill slits evolved to gill arches and gill slits
-Gill slits then evolved in to jaws |
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Term
| What types of animals come from class chondrichthyes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are characteristics of the shark? |
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Definition
-Gill arch 4 became modified to form a heavier and more efficient jaw
-This created a stronger head
-2 chambered hearts |
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Term
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Definition
-Hang out at bottom of ocean
-Spend lots of energy pumping water through gills |
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Term
| How are bony fishes different from chondrichthyes? |
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Definition
| They are heavier than chondrichthyes because they are made of bone not cartilage |
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Term
What is class actinopterygii?
What are some characteristics? |
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Definition
-Ray-finned fishes
-Bones instead of cartillage, have a c-shaped cut by gill on side of th ehad called an operculum
-swim bladder is filled with gas that allows the fish to float! |
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Term
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Definition
| Lungfish!!! 'taking a dip to save your lungs' Dipnoi--Lungfish |
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Term
| Describe characteristics of terapods.. |
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Definition
-Never had a completely water proof skin
-They turn to water to breed
-They havent developed internal fertilization |
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Term
| Describe characteristics of Ambphibians and what Amphibia means? |
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Definition
-Amphibia "both lives"
-Lobed fins developed in to legs
-classed as teh first tetrapods
-Buccal pumping
-some undergo metamorphasis |
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Term
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Definition
| How amphibians breathe; cuteneous respiration |
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Term
| What is Order Anura? Describe. |
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Definition
Anura 'without a tail'--frogs and toads
Began as tadpoles
Sprout legs as they develop |
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Term
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Definition
Salamanders, mudpuppies, newts
-internal fertilization, born in water, and limbs extend from the torso |
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Term
| Order Gymnophiona? explain. |
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Definition
-Caecilians
-blue worm looking creatures, blind and mostly live in caves, legless worm-like amphibians, and they are viviporous---bear live young |
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Term
| What are the amniotes known for developing? |
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Definition
| The amniotic egg, which had given rise to a lineage of truly terrestrial animals |
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Term
| What was one of the most important key characteristics allowing for terrestrial life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the adaptations of the amniotes? |
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Definition
-Amniotic egg
-watertight skin
-Thoracic breathing
-Water-conservative kidneys
-Internal fertilization
-Legs of reptiles developed legs inferier to the body, allowing for quicker movement |
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Term
| What are the classes associated with the reptiles!? |
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Definition
Class Testudines
Class Lepidosauria
Class Crocodilia |
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Term
| What animals are famous from class Testudines and what are their key characteristics? |
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Definition
Turtles and Tortoises
Firstto develop hard protective shell that is fused to the backbone and ribs, development of a beak, and sex depends on temp! Warmer temp? Female. |
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Term
| What animals are famous from class Lepidosauria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's a key characteristic from Class Lepidosauria? (lizards and snakes) |
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Definition
-Kinetic skull!
---Upper Jaw is hinged; lower jaw not attached to skull |
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Term
| What animals are famous from class Crocodilia? |
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Definition
| -Crocodiles and alligators |
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Term
| How can you tell a difference between a croc and an aligator? |
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Definition
| crocodiles have long pointy snouts while alligators are shorter snouts, bear teeth. |
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Term
| What class is associated with birds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are characteristics of Aves? |
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Definition
Feathers
Lightweight skeleton of hollow bone
Air sacs (2 breaths for 1 of ours)
Dont mix O2 with CO2
Reduction of Organs |
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Term
| What is the driving feature of develepmont of Ave characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Did mammals evolve earlier than the birds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the key characteristics of mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some characteristics that only some animals posess? |
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Definition
Ability to digest plants
Horns and antlers |
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Term
| What are teh 3 divisions of reproduction within Class Mammalia? |
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Definition
-Prototheria
-Metatheria
-Eutheria |
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Term
| What are the mammalian subclasses based upon? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Egg laying mammals
-Lack placenta |
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Term
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Definition
Pouched mammals
-kangaroos and oppossums |
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Term
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Definition
Placental animals
-Dogs, cats, humans |
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