Term
| Describe circulation in animals. |
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Definition
| Circulation by simple animals is done by diffusion; it is a random movement from a high to low concentration w/o added energy. |
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Term
| Describe circulation in more complex animals |
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Definition
| Evolving to distribute materials through the whole body. Diffusion moves substances in & out of the cells |
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Term
| 3 components of the circulatory system |
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Definition
Blood- fluid
Heart- pump
Arteries,veins & capillaries- tubing |
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Term
| Describe an open ciculatory system |
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Definition
| Blood is pumped into open ended vessels which fill the cells |
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Term
| Describe a closed circulatory system |
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Definition
| The circulating fluid is blood & is confined vessels& is distinct from the intersttial fluid (fluid that fills the space around the cells) |
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Term
| Describe the double circulation system in humans |
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Definition
Two circuits of blood flow.
Pulmanary -right side of heart gets oxygen poor blood and returns ir to the lung for oxygenation.
Systemic - gets oxygen rich blood from the lungs and transports it through the body |
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Term
| What is the difference between arteries, capillaries and veins |
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Definition
| Arteries carry blood away from the heart; Veins carry blood to the heart;Capillaries connect both the veuns and arteries. Veins are also thicker than arteries and arteries are thicker than capillaries |
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Term
| Understand the path of blood in humans |
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Definition
| RA-RV-Lungs-2 pulmanary arteries into arterioles-capillaries of lungs-Venules-PV-LA-LV-Aorta-Body-Lungs -RA |
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Term
| Describe the cardiac cycle |
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Definition
| Contracting relaxing of the heart |
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Term
| What does the sinoatrial node(SA) do? |
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Definition
| A natural piece of tissue that sends out an electrical charge. It is a natural pacemaker. |
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Term
| Structure and function of veins and venules |
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Definition
| They converge int the capillaries and transfer blood under low pressure to the heart; they are thin walled. |
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Term
| Structure and function of capillaries |
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Definition
| Network of tiny vessels that allows for exchange of blood & intersttial fluids. Responsible for gas exchange |
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Term
| By volume 3 components of blood. |
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Definition
| 45% Water, & 10% proteins, salt & gases, WBC |
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Term
| Describe the 3 components of blood |
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Definition
RBC's-disk shaped witha groove in the center; contain hemoglobin that carry oxygen on iron molecules
Plasma- clear liquid that is 90% water, & 10% proteins, salt and gases
WBC- Both T and B celss to remove toxins and platelets |
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Term
| Describe the 3 main cardiovascular diseases. |
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Definition
Atherosclerosis-results from build up of cholesteral and other substances on the walls of the arteries
Coranary Disease-Blocks arteries and affects the blood flow to the heart
Cardiovascular disease- Damage caused to heart or blood vessels; can include stroke which is blood clot in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Structure & function of human respiratory system |
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Definition
| Pharnyx-path of digestive & respiratory systems- larynx(voice box)-trachea is the wind pipe-bronchus which goes into each lung-bronchials, smaller branches into lung-alveoli for air |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of inhaling and exhaling to pass oxygen through the body while releasing CO2 from blood |
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Term
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Definition
| hemoglobin carries oxygen & helps it to dissolve into the blood |
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Term
| Carrier for CO2 in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Discuss the 4 main lung diseases |
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Definition
Emphysema- repeated irritation of the alveoli; obtrusive lung disease.
Asthma- imbalance in the autonomic nervous system.
Bronchitis-inflamation of the bronchi caused by irritateing materials such as nicotine
Cancer- |
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Term
| The 3 innate lines of defense? which are internal external? |
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Definition
Skin & mucous membranes- external
Innate defenses- external/internal
Lymphocytes- |
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Term
| Two types of white blood cells |
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Definition
T cells which are responsible for cell mediated immunity; they result from the stem cells of bone marrow and mature in the thymus attack directly to large attacks in the body such as viruses & fungi
B cells emits antiboties that attach surfaces of viruses; are enegeticon the HIR of immunity.They are also from stem cells of bone marrow & mature in Bone marrow |
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Term
| How do defense proteins work |
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Definition
| Defense proteins by indirectly helping heathy cell refuse to accept damage that is caused to them by viral infections, they also directly attack pathogens |
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Term
| Explain the inflamatory response to tissue damage |
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Definition
| It is a defense that is not specific to injury or infections |
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Term
| Describe the lymphatic system include structure |
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Definition
| Lymph vessels which connects to lymph nodes and organs;It is for water storage in the body. It sends the lymph fluid back to the ciculatory system & helps fight infections. |
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Term
| Understand how antigens work |
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Definition
| Antigens trigger a certain against itself within the host body, when the body detects the antigen the adaptive immune system then makesthe T & B lymphocytes with antigen recepters on their surfaces of certain shapes to bind with to destroy the antigen |
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Term
| What is primary immune response |
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Definition
| It is the first response of an antigen to a lymphocyte. |
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Term
| What is immunilogical memory |
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Definition
| It makes memory cells that last for decades & protects from later exposure |
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Term
| How do B & T cells interact |
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Definition
| T cells are the force and regulators of the immune defense, The t cells main objective is to activate B cells and they do this by producing proteins after dividing then the B cells look for matching receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies produced by the body in a response to an infection |
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Term
| What are autoimmune Diseases |
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Definition
| They are diseases that occur when the immune system attacks itself by turning against the bodies own molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful inflamation of cartiledge and bonesin joints |
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Term
| Describe the histamine response in allergies |
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Definition
| Histamine is produced when their is to much histamine is being produced |
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Term
| Why is the HIV virus so dangerous |
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Definition
| Because it is a highly mutating virus that is becoming resistent to medications |
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