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Biology 105
focus Questions chapters 25 & 26
33
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/25/2011

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Term
Describe the endocrine system
Definition
It is the main system that controls chemical regulation with hormone secreting cells
Term
What is a hormone
Definition
Hormone are molecules thatare made in one organ and transported to another
Term
What are two classes of hormones? Describe them.
Definition
Water solunle hormones uses facilitated diffusion it atttaches to a membrane protein; its first signal changes mo;ecules shape by changing a extracellular to an intracellular signal.
Lipid solublemove into the cel by simple diffusion; can switch proteins off & on
Term
What does the thyroid gland control?
Definition
Metabolic processes in the bosy; Hormone production that increases the oxygen produced
Term
Describe one of three disorders of the thyroid
Definition
Hypothyroidism- underactive thyroidcaused by the bodies autoimmune system attacking it; also can be caused if the body lacks iodine
Term
What do the adrenal glands do?
Definition
Enable the body to respond to stress
Term
How are adrenal glands related to long term stress
Definition
Long term stress can cause the adrenal gland not to cooperate, this can cause your body to shut down as in not sleeping, not eating fatigue, headaches and much more serious stress related issues
Term
How is the adrenal gland related to short term stress
Definition
Because the main part is the adrenal medulla which make sepernephrine & nor epinephrine which are involved in controlling moods attention and the nervous system. Epinephrine is what controls the response to short term stress
Term
Function of adrenalin
Definition
Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Blood pressure, & heart rate
Term
What is a growth hormone
Definition
A hormone taht promote development & improvement of all part of the body; this can lead to Dwarfism & gigantisism
Term
What is the # 1 endocrine disease
Definition
Diabetes
Term
The pancreas is responsible for secreting what hormone
Definition
Insulin
Term
How does insulin work
Definition
By regulating the use of carbohydrates
Term
what is glucogen and how does it work in controlling blood
Definition
Glucogen is a protein hormone it helps by maintaining homeostatic balance between the amount of glucose that is available and stored as the polymer glycogen in the cells of the body
Term
What does estrogen do in the female mammal
Definition
Maintains the female reproductive system & improves specific features
Term
What does proestrogen do in the female mammal
Definition
prepares the buterus to be able to support a developing embryo
Term
What do the testes produce & what is the role of that hormone in the male mammal
Definition
Testes produce testoterone which is responsible for the production of sperm
Term
What does the pineal gland produce
Definition
Melatonin to promote sleep
Term
What does the thymus produce
Definition
Mature T cells
Term
Explain asexual reproduction
Definition
Cloning of the parent
Term
What are some of the types of asexual reproduction
Definition
Budding, fission, fragmentation, & regeneration
Term
What are hermaphrodites
Definition
Having both male and female parts
Term
What is external fertilizatiopn
Definition
Discharging of gametes into water
Term
What is gametogenesis
Definition
The production of gametes, germ cells & haploid cells by meiosis
Term
What is spermatogenisis
Definition
production of sperm cells inside the testes occuring in the seminiferous tubes
Term
Describe oogenisis AKA the life cycle of the human egg
Definition
@n oocytes @ birthmaturation of egg or two every 28-32 daysMeiosis 1 & half meiosis2 during first part of cycle, second egg 1n, polar body 1n on completion, prophase and metaphase 2of meiosis 2 produces mature ovum, a polar body development is now stopped
Term
How long is the sperm viable inside the female reproductive tract
Definition
up to 4-5 days
Term
What is the difference between the ovarian cycle & the menstrual cycle in human females
Definition
Ovarian cycle produces the egg and menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for possible implant
Term
What is menstration
Definition
Uterine bleeding
Term
Which hrmone induces the thickening of the endometrium or uterus wall
Definition
Estrogen/proestrogen
Term
What phase ofhe egg/embryo/fetus growthis the most amazing to you
Definition
Process of the fetus growth
Term
When does birth take place
Definition
Between 36 & 40 weeks
Term
What hormones trigger both contractions & lactation
Definition
Oxytocin
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