Term
| Catabolic pathways yield energy by _______________ organic fuels. |
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An electron _______ potential energy when it shifts from a less electronegative atom towards a more
electronegative atom. |
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Definition
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| The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria is |
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two ATP molecules are required for the phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by hexokinase and
phosphofructose kinase. |
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Definition
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Term
The activity of phosophofructokinase is reduced when cellular ATP and citrate levels are high. This is an
example of |
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Definition
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| The enzymes that catalyze the biochemical reactions in the citric acid cycle are found in_________ |
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Definition
| the mitochondrial matrix. |
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| produces a net of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose by substrate-level phosophorylation. |
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| The 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules that are produced by the enzymes in the citric acid |
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Definition
| donate electrons to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. |
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| The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is |
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Definition
| the difference in H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
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| During aerobic respiration, electrons travel “downhill” in which sequence? |
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Definition
| food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen |
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| Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? |
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Definition
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| For each molecule of glucose, alcohol and lactic acid fermentation produce |
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Definition
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Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin
cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autotrophs produce organic molecules from |
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Definition
CO2 and other inorganic material from the
environment. |
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| sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? |
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Definition
H2O -> photosystem II -> plastoquinone -> cytochrome complex -> plastocyanin -> photosystem I
-> NADP+ |
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Term
| In the Calvin cycle, the enzyme RuBisCO (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) |
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Definition
catalyzes a reaction in which CO2 is added to the five carbon sugar ribulose bisphosphate creating a
short-lived 6 carbon intermediate. |
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Term
| sequences correctly represents the sequence of events in cellular signal transduction? |
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Definition
| signal reception -> transduction -> cellular response |
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Term
| Protein kinases are enzymes that |
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Definition
| transfer phosphate groups from ATP to a protein. |
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Term
Consider this pathway: epinephrine → G protein-coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase →
cAMP. Which of the following is considered the second messenger? |
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Definition
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Term
| The term ribozyme refers to |
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Definition
| RNA molecules that have catalytic properties. |
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Term
Following chromosome duplication, the two copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached to each other
by proteins at the centromere and are referred to as ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during |
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Definition
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| Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that |
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate during anaphase. |
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| Features of two different species are homologous if they |
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Definition
| are derived from the same structure in a common ancestor. |
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| A paraphyletic group includes |
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Definition
| An ancestor and some of its descendants |
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| An extreme halophile is an organism that |
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Definition
| Can tolerate very saline (salty) conditions |
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Term
| Which of the three domains are comprised of prokaryotic organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
| endosymbiosis w/ mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Definition
Endosymbiosis refers to the process by which one organism (the host) engulfs (via
phagocytosis) another cell (the endosymbiont), which is retained within the host cell.
This term could be broken down into symbiosis (to organisms living in close
association) and endo (inside) and thus two organisms living in close association with
the symbiont living within the host cell. |
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