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Control system
-Process Info and the action happens
1. Fast Response System 2. inputs 3.action |
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| Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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-Stress Involved (Fight or Flight)
- Epinephrine |
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Components: Brain, Spinal Cord
Function: recieves, processes, and transfers informations |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| tells system where something has |
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| within CNS (brain & Spinal Cord) |
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| Periphiral Nervous System |
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-Transducers
-Converts one kind of energy into another! |
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| cell body, axon, dendrites |
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| gaps formed between the myelin sheaths in axons |
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-Contains energy
-Speeds of Transmissions
-Regeneration |
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| formed by oligodendrocytes |
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| Re-Established Action Potential |
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| Maintains resting potential |
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alters potential
-depolarizes or hyperpolarizes |
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| Re-Establishment of Resting Potential |
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Mormal activity of the sodium potassium
(thousands of a second) |
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Definition
individual neuron must react potential
(reaches=fires)
(doesnt reach= no fire) |
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| Electrical current reaches threshold throughout axon during spread of action potential |
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Released of Neurotransmiters
-graded potential achieved |
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| depolarized past synaptic cell |
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| hyper polarized past synaptic cell |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| relay information between tissues and CNS |
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(12 pairs)
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves |
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| connect directly to brain |
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| provide information to CNS |
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| CNS's action from information from Sensory, to the body |
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| Voluntary Somatic Motor Neuron |
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| Conscious control of skeletal muscles |
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| involuntary Somatic Motor Neuron |
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Definition
| spinal reflexes, flexor(hot stove?), crossed extensor |
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| Sympathetic Autonomic Motor Neuron |
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Definition
| Release of Norepiniphrine for fight or flight |
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| Parasympathetic Autonomic Motor Neuron |
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Definition
| release acetylcholine to relax the body, opposes sympathetic |
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Definition
| coordinates basic, automatic, vital functions |
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| Medulla Oblangata (Hindbrain) |
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| control automatic functions of internal organs |
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| coordinates muscles related to vision and hearing |
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| receives and integrates information concerning emotions and conscious thought |
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| helps regulate homeostasis |
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| receiving, processing, and transfer center |
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| Limbic System (Forebrain) |
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| neuronal pathways involved in emotions and memory |
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| Cerebrum/Cerebral Cortex (Forebrain) |
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| higher functions/ long term memory |
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| Reticular activating System |
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| Electroencephalograms (not sleeping) |
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| IN NOTES TO COMPLEX! ACTUALL DO IT DONT JUST BLOW IT OFF TYLER! |
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Rapid Eye Movement;
Sleep, dreaming, actual sleep |
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| Emotions(fear, anger, sorrow, love) |
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| (limbic) information from past few hours |
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| (cerebrum) information from previous days to years |
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| CNS Receptor Interpretation |
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Definition
| nerves hard wired to specific portions of brain |
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| allows CNS to concentrate on important stimuli; ignore non-critical |
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| Light, Touch, pressure, smell |
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| detect touch, pressure,vibrations, limb position, muscles, length, and tension |
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| Signal discomfort, fast and slow |
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| Chemoreceptors that bind with dissolved substances |
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| Sweet, salty, sour, bitter |
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| chemoreceptors that bind to odorants |
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| Correlation between Taste and smell |
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| Chewed food produces chemicals stimulating olfactory receptors |
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| mechanoreceptors detect sound waves |
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| Channel sound waves into eardrum (tympanic membrane) |
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| amplifies sound, converted to physical vibrations through malleus, incus, stapes(stirrup) |
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| connects middle ear to back of throat |
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| sorts and converts sound vibrations |
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Vestibular Tympanic Canal;
Conchlear duct;
Basilar Membrance;
Organ of Corti |
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| Sensing Head Position and Acceleration |
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| Vestibular Apparatus(Balance)(inner ear) |
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| three semicircular canals and vestibule |
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| Sensing Rotational Movement (Balance)(inner ear) |
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Definition
| Ampulla with Mechanoreceptors in Cupula |
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| Sensing Head rotation and acceleration(Balance)(inner ear) |
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Definition
| utricle, and saccule in vestibule with otoliths |
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| detecting and interpret visual stimuli by converting light energy to nerve impulse and transmitting them to the brain |
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| KNOW THESE EYE STRUCTURES |
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Definition
| SCLERA, CORNEA, AQUEOUS HUMOROUS, IRIS, LENS, Vitreous HUMOR, RETINA, Optic NERVE, FOVEA, CONTRALIS |
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Definition
| Iris opens and closes to control light to retina |
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| Accomodation(Eye Focusing) |
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Definition
| adjustments of Lens curvature |
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Definition
| focusing of fovea (rods and cones) |
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| Eye slightly longer (nearsighted) |
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| eye shorter (far-sighted) |
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| Irregularities in cornea or lens |
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| allow us to see color, adapt to varying light intensities, and perceived images |
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| pigmented cells, absorbs light |
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| rods and cones (in fovea) |
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| Synapsed with rods and cones |
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Definition
| ganglion cells to optic nerve |
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| Endocrine Hormone Functions |
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Definition
| Chemical Messangers from endocrine gland, circulate in blood,, specific to cells in body |
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| IMPORTANT FACT ABOUT HORMONES |
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Definition
| Active in different place than made |
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| Endocrine System Characteristic |
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Definition
-slower than nervous system (but longer)
-act on specific cells
-Specific Hormone= specific cell
-Effect of LONGER |
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-derived from cholesterol
-lipid-soluble
-slow( mins to hrs) |
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-Water-soluble
-work through intermediate mechanisms to activate enzymes
FAST (sec to mins) |
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