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| made of connective tissue |
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hard inorganic matrix of calcium salts
(compact end of bones)
(spongy -the interior of bones) |
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| Everything but major and skull bones |
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Function: support
Types: Fibrocartilage, hyaline, elastic |
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| Change in shape, size, and strength |
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Parathyroid hormone(PTH)- removes calcium
Calcitonin- adds calcium |
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| Hermatoma and callus formation |
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Definition
1) Protection- encase organ
2)Support- allows body positions
3)Permit Movement- muscle attachment
4)Mineral Reservior- calcium, phosphon |
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Vertebral Column
(Cervical, thoraic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal) |
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| Cushions vertebrae, assists in movement and flexibility |
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| Twelve Pairs, bottom pair floating |
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| Breast Bone(actually three fused bones) |
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| Humerous, radius, ulna, wrist(many), hand bones |
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| Femur, fibula, tibia,ankle, feet, toes |
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| classified by degree of movement |
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slightly movable, cartilage connection
BACKBONE |
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freely movable; ball and socket joints
KNEES and SHOULDERS |
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Definition
| synovial membrane thyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| secret synovial fluid as a lubricant |
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| stretched or torn ligament |
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| problem with ummune system, causing joint to be inflamed |
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| to produce movement or generate tension |
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| Shorten distance between bones |
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facicles: bundles, CT covering each other
Muscle fibers; muscle cells |
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Definition
| main unit ofskeletal muscle contraction |
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| Z Lines in muscle contraction |
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Definition
| attachment points for sarcomers |
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| Nerve Action in Muscle Cells |
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Definition
-Acetlycholine released from motor neuron
- Electrical Impulse transmitted along T-tubules
-Calcium released from sarcomereplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| special membrane in muscle to store calcium |
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| formation of cross bridges between thin and thick filaments |
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| Mechanism of Muscle Contraction |
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Definition
1) Calcium release
2)Calcium binds to troponin
3)Tropnin iniates movement
4)Myosin binding site exposed
5)Myosin head from corss bridges with actin
6)Actin filaments pulled toward center of sarcomere |
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Definition
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| main source of energy for muscles |
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Definition
Creatine phosphate
Stored glycogen
Aerobic metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle shortens, movement occurs |
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| Muscle doesnt shorten, no movement |
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endurance, long duration, contain myoglobin
EX- jogging or biking |
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stength, white muscle, short duration
Ex- sprinting, weight lifting |
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Involuntary
Speed and sustainability |
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Muscles waste away
Destropin-destroys actin and myosin |
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| lack of water,Ions, Electrolytes or potassium |
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| muscle cannot contracted well, overuse!! |
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torn connective tissue
(low blood flow equal long healing prcess) |
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Transport nutrient, waste, and hormones
Regulation
Defense against infections and bleeding |
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| Water, electrolytes, Proteins, hormones, gases, nutrients |
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| Formed elements(cells) of BLOOD |
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Definition
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-transport O and CO2
-measure using hemoglobin
-120 day life span
Erythroprotein in kidneys! |
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Definition
| protection from infection, regulate imflammatory system |
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Definition
| Neurophils, eosinophils, basophils |
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Lymphocyte(antibodies)
Monocytes( T CELLS) |
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Definition
1) Vascular Spasms
2) Platelets plug formation
3)Coagulation |
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Term
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Definition
| constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow |
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| plug and seal the ruptured blood vessel |
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| formation of a blood clot |
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| Carbon Monoxide Posioning |
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Definition
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Definition
| reduction in oxygen carrying capacity |
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| Epstein-Barr virus infection |
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| reduction in platelet formation |
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