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Biology 101- Chapter One
Thomas More College
71
Biology
Undergraduate 1
08/27/2012

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Term
Biology
Definition
what is the study of life called?
Term
Cellular Organization, Sensitivity, Order, Homeostasis, Energy Utilization, Evolutionary Adapation, Growth/reproduction/development
Definition
What is the seven characteristics of life?
Term
It must have at least one cell. 
Definition
One characteristic of life is cellular organization, describe what this entails?
Term
Atoms, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
Definition
One characteristic of life is order, what is the order for life?
Term
Deductive and Inductive
Definition
What are the two ways that scientist think called?
Term
Taking a general princple and then applying it to a specific situation
Definition
What is deductive reasoning?
Term
Making an observation and then building a general principle. 
Definition
What is inductive reasoning?
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
What is a suggestive explanation for an observation that is seen?
Term
They do experiments and try to replicate the work, if they can't disprove it, it eventually becomes a theory. 
Definition
How do scientists try to disprove a hypothesis?
Term
How an organism responds to stimuli, e.g. taking hand off of a hot stove. 
Definition
One characteristic of life is sensitivity, describe what this entails?
Term
The process in which organsims keep constant internally althought the external factors are different, e.g., body temperature
Definition
What is homeostasis?
Term
Organisms have to be able to survive and interact with other organisms. 
Definition
One characteristic of life is evolutionary adapation, describe what this entails?
Term
Cellular, organismal, population, and ecosystem
Definition
What are the four levels of the biological world?
Term
molecules
Definition
Atoms are joined into clusters called...
Term
organelles.
Definition
Molecules are asssembled into...
Term
cells.
Definition
Organelles are bounded into...
Term
Tissue
Definition
What is a group of similar cells that act as a functional unit?
Term
organs
Definition
Tissues are grouped into...
Term
Organ system
Definition
Organs produce the what?
Term
population
Definition
A group of the same species living in the same place is called?
Term
species. 
Definition
Populations form a...
Term
ecological community
Definition
The _________________ consists of all the populations of different species. 
Term
biosphere
Definition
The entire planet is known as the _______. 
Term
novel properties arising from the way in which componets interact. 
Definition
What are emergent properties?
Term
the human genome
Definition
what was the most important accomplishment of molecular biology in the 21st century?
Term
the circumferece of the earth
Definition
Erastisthenes used Euclidean geometry to estimate what?
Term
a hypothesis.
Definition
After making careful observations, scientist construct what?
Term
a proposition that might be true. 
Definition
What is a hypothesis?
Term
an experiment
Definition
The test of a hypothesis is called what?
Term
one variable is altered in a way to test a particular hypothesis. 
Definition
What happens in a test experiment?
Term
no variables are altered. 
Definition
what happens in a controlled experiment?
Term
He performed an observation between spontaneous generation and the germ hypothesis. 
Definition
Describe Louis Pasteur's experiment. 
Term
When scientist break down a complex system to examine its working parts.
Definition
What is reductionism?
Term
biochemistry.
Definition
Reductionism has been the general approach of what branch of biology?
Term
When they are isolated. 
Definition
When do enzymes behave differently from their normal context in cells?
Term
They provide a way to think about a problem and get a closer look at it. 
Definition
What do models do?
Term

1. as a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon. 

2. a body of concepts that are supported with evidence and reasoning. 

Definition
Name the two ways scientist use the word theory.
Term
it is driven by a scientists curoisty or interest in a scientific question
Definition
What is basic research?
Term
is used to solve practical problems. 
Definition
What is applied research?
Term
They are published by other scientists and are used as a "peer review."
Definition
What are result journals?
Term
how organisms on Earth have changed over time and acquired a diversity of new forms.
Definition
Darwin's theory of evolution explains and describes what?
Term
"On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection"
Definition
What book did Darwin write?
Term
Organisms and their structures resulted from direct actions of a creator. 
Definition
Before Darwin, most people believed what?
Term
Natural selection
Definition
What principle did Darwin find?
Term
South America and the Galapagos Islands
Definition
Where did Darwin study?
Term
It is made by individuals having certain attributes that give them an advantage in their enviornment. 
Definition
What is selection?
Term
The breeders select certain animals to create certain characteristics. 
Definition
What is artifical selection?
Term
Alfred Russell Wallace
Definition
Who was a co-partner and had the same ideas as Darwin?
Term
Comparative Anatomy
Definition
What provided strong evidence for Darwin's theory?
Term
They have the same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function. 
Definition
What are homologous structures?
Term
They have same function but different origins. 
Definition
What are analogous structures?
Term
It is the pattern of descent, a "Family tree."
Definition
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Term
Discovered cells
Definition
What did Robert Hooke do?
Term
nucleotides
Definition
What is DNA made of?
Term
FOUR
Definition
How many differenct nucleotides are found in DNA?
Term
Thousands of nucleotides
Definition
What makes up a gene?
Term
The entire set of DNA instructions that specifies a cell
Definition
What is a genome?
Term
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Definition
What are life's "three great groups" called?
Term
Archaea and Bacteria, prokaryotes
Definition
Which group(s) are composed of single celled organisms and what are they known as?
Term
Eukarya and Eukaryotes
Definition
What group(s) are made up of organisms and what are they called?
Term
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, and Protista
Definition
What kingdoms is Eukarya made up of?
Term
it consists of all unicellular eukaryoutes and multicellular algae
Definition
Describe the protista group.
Term
organisms that have cell walls of celloluse and energy from photosynthesis
Definition
Describe the plantae group.
Term
It has cell walls of chitin and gets energy from secreting digestive enzymes
Definition
Describe the fungi group.
Term
It has no cell walls and energy comes from digesting internally
Definition
Describe the animalia group.
Term
It is used to direct the synthesis of cellular components. 
Definition
What is the information stored in DNA used for?
Term
proteins in the membrane, the function of tissues and organs
Definition
Cells process information and sense their enviornment through what? And what is this ability essential to?
Term
A constant supply of energy to maintain their stable nonequilibrium state.
Definition
Organisms need what?
Term
The Beagle
Definition
Charles Darwin did a five year navigation on what ship?
Term
"The Descent of Man"
Definition
What book was created to talk about man descending from apes?
Term
age of the earth, molecular biology, fossil record, and comparative anatomy
Definition
What are the four supporting ideas of evolution?
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