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Biology 101 Ch. 2
Note Cards for Chapter 2
19
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/08/2012

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Cards

Term
What does the Atomic Number contain?
Definition
Protons
Term
What does the Mass Number contain?
Definition
Protons and Neutrons
Term
What are isotopes?
Definition
Element with a different number of neutrons
Term
What is a non-polar Covalent Bond?
Definition
Equal sharing of electrons.
Term
What is a Polar Covalent Bond?
Definition
Unequal sharing of electrons.
Term
What is the order of electronegativity of 96% of the world?
Definition
O2, N, C&H
Term
What are ionic bonds?
Definition
One atom gives electron to another atom.
Term
What is an ion?
Definition
A charged atom
Term
What is a cation?
Definition
A positively charged atom
Term
What is an anion?
Definition
A negatively charged atom.
Term
What is molarity?
Definition
The number of moles per liter of solution.
Term
What are the four properties of water?
Definition

1. Solvent

2. Cohesion/Adhesion

3.High Surface Tension

4. High heat capacity

Term
What is a buffer?
Definition
Protects against changes in pH
Term
What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
Definition
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
Term
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
Definition
Entropy is increased in an isolated area.
Term
What are two factors that determine spontaneous reaction.
Definition

1. Reactants have higher potential energy than products

2. Products have an increased entropy

Term
What is a negative change in potential energy?
Definition
Exothermic
Term
What is a positive change in potential energy?
Definition
Endothermic
Term
What is C.H.A.P.S.C.
Definition
Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Amino, Phosphate, Sulfurhydryl, Carbonyl
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