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Biology 101 Chapter 4 Key Terms
Biology 101 Chapter 4 Key Terms
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Biology
Undergraduate 2
06/11/2011

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Term
Organic Chemistry
Definition
The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
Term
Hydrocarbon
Definition
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
Term
Isomers
Definition
One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.
Term
Structural Isomers
Definition
One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Term
Geometric Isomers
Definition
One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent arrangements but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds.
Term
Enantiomers
Definition
One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other.
Term
Functional Groups
Definition
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
Term
Hydroxyl Group
Definition
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
Term
Carbonyl Group
Definition
A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Term
Carboxyl Group
Definition
A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
Term
Amino Group
Definition
A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+.
Term
Sulphdryl Group
Definition
A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Term
Phosphate Group
Definition
A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
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