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Biology 101 Chapter 1 Key Terms
Biology 101 Chapter 1 Key Terms
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Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/03/2011

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Term
Biosphere
Definition
The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems.
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them.
Term
Community
Definition
All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.
Term
Population
Definition
A localized group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Term
Organism
Definition
An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Term
Organs
Definition
A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues.
Term
Tissues
Definition
An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.
Term
Cells
Definition
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Term
Organelles
Definition
Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
Term
Molecules
Definition
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Term
Atoms
Definition
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Term
Producers
Definition
An organism that produces organic compounds from CO by harnessing light energy (in photosynthesis) or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (in chemosynthetic reactions carried out by some prokaryotes).
Term
Consumers
Definition
An organism that generally obtains food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter due to lack of the ability to manufacture own food from inorganic sources; a heterotroph.
Term
Eukaryote Cells
Definition
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Ex: protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
Term
Prokaryote Cells
Definition

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Ex: Bacteria

 

Term
Domains
Definition
A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics.
Term
Evolution
Definition
Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation.
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
(hī-poth′-uh-sis) A tentative answer to a well-framed question, narrower in scope than a theory and subject to testing.
Term
Theory
Definition
An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.
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