Life is recognized by ________.

What living things do.

Name the 5 theme that connect the concepts of biology.

1)  New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.

2)  Structure & function of living organisms are closely related.

3)  Cells are an organism’s basic unit of structure & function.

4) The continuity of life is based on hertible information in the form of DNA.

5) Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.

Theme 1: New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy. Life can be studied at different levels from molecules to ______.

the entire living planet.

Each level of complexity is accompanied by specific properties that ________.

Describe life.

What is emergent properties?

Results from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system.

Name the 8 biological levels of organization.

1)    Atoms, molecules, macromolecules

2)    Organelles – the nucleus

3)    Cells

4)    Tissues

5)    Organs & organ systems

6)    Organism, populations, & communities.

7)    Ecosystems.

8) The biosphere=earth.

Volume.

Theme 3: Cells are organism’s basic unit of structure & function.  The cell is the lowest level of organization that can perform all required for life.  Name the 3 characteristics of cells.

-Are enclosed by a membrane

-Use DNA as their genetic info

-Are able to reproduce by division

Theme 4: The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA.

Chromosomes contain most of what?

A cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA is the substance of __________.

Genes

Define genes.

The units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring.

Define organism’s genome?

Its entire set of genetic instructions.

Theme 5: Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.  Feedback mechanisms allow biological processes to ________.

Self-regulate.

Define negative feedback.

Means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it slow and less of the products is produced

Define positive feedback.

Means that as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced.

Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging_______.

Matter & Energy.

What accounts for the diversity of life?

Evolution.

How can organisms be grouped?

According to shared/similar traits.

What do scientist do to make sense of complex biological processes?

Build models.

Every organism interacts with its environment, including what?

Non living factors & other organisms.

Interaction between organism & their environments are the basis for adaptation of _________.

Individual organisms to their habitat.

The theory of evolution provides a mechanistic explanation for both ______ and _____ in living organisms.

Unity & diversity.

The first comprehensive explanation of the theory of evolution was made by who?

English naturalist, Charles Darwin.

Charles Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection.

What 5 things did Darwin observe?

1)Individuals in a population have traits that vary.

2)Many of these traits are heritable.

3)More offsprings are produced than survive.

4)  Competition is inevitable.

5) Species generally suit their environment.

Darwin also inferred that….

1)    Individuals best suited to their environment more are more likely to what?

Over time, more individuals in a population will have the advantages traits.

Survive and reproduce.

When was the origin of species by means of natural selection published?

1859

What 2 main points of book?

1) Species showed evidence of "descent with modification" from common ancestors.

2) Natural selection is the mechanism behind "descent with modification".

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This is an example of what?

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This is an example of what?

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This is an example of what?  Fill in the blanks

Example of scientific research.

1) Make observation

2) Ask a question

3) Form hypothesis that answers the question.

4) Make a prediction based on hypothesis.

5) Do an experiment

6) Analyze results

7) Report results

8) Try again?

Scientists attempt to represent natural phenomena and processes by doing what?

1) Diagrams

2) 3-D objects

3) Computer programs

4) Mathematical equations

What are the 2 approaches to model building in science?

1) Reductionism

2) Systems biology

Describe the reductionism model

Describe the systems biology model?

What is this an example of?

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System biology example:

Cell signaling

What is this an example of?

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Reductionism example:

Wnt signaling.

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called what?

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called what?

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1) Bacteria

2) Archaea

3) Eukarya

What are the 2 types of cells?

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are _________

They are either __________ or __________.

Cells don’t have a cell _________.

DNA is “_____” floating.

Prokaryotes are unicellular.

They are either bacteria or archaea.

Cells don’t have a cell nucleus.

DNA is “free” floating.

Prokaryote lack ________, except __________.

Eukaryotes is any organism whose cells contains a ________.

Within the nuclear membrane is the _____.

Where is the organelles enclosed within the membranes found?

Contains a nucleus.

DNA

Found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

1) Bacteria

2) Archea

3) Eukarya

Bacteria

Domain:

Kingdom

Cell Type:

Cell Structure:

Number of cells:

Mode of nutrition:

Example:

Bacteria

Domain:Bacteria

Kingdom: Eubacteria

Cell Type: Prokayote

Cell Structure:
Cell walls w/ peptiodoglycans

Number of cells: Unicellular

Mode of nutrition: Autotroph & Heterotroph

Example: Step or E.Coli

Archaea

Domain:

Kingdom:

Cell Type:

Cell Structure:

Number of cells:

Mode of nutrition:

Example:

Archaea

Domain:Archaea

Kingdom: Archaebacteria

Cell Type: Prokaryote

Cell Structure: Cell walls without peptiodglycans

Number of cells: Unicellular

Mode of nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph

Example: Methanigens, Halaphiles

Eukarya

Domain:

Cell Type:

Number of cells:

Mode of nutrition:

Example:

Eukarya

Domain: Eukarya

Cell Type: Eukaryote

Number of cells: Uni or multicellular

Mode of nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph

Example: Plants, Animals, Fungi

1) Archaea

2) Bacteria

3) Eukarya

4) Animals

5) Plants

6) Fungi

7) Protista

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the _____.

The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of _______.

Define macromolecules.

Define polymer.

Large molecules that are typically formed by polymerization.

Polymer is a large molecule that is made by combining smaller units called monomers, which are simpler than macromolecules.