Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biological Diversity
Vocab definitions of in class material in unit of biological diversity
77
Science
9th Grade
09/19/2009

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ecosystem
Definition
a particular environment where living things interact with other living things and non-living things
Term
Species
Definition
a group of organisms with certain characteristics that are sexaully isolated
Term
Population
Definition
referring to the number of a species in a particular environment
Term
Niche
Definition
the role of an organism in its environment; habitat and habits
Term
Phylum
Definition
major category in classification of living things; more general than a class but more specific than a kingdom
Term
Class
Definition
category in classification of living things; more general than order, more specific than phylum
Term
Order
Definition
category in classification of living; more general than family, more specific than class
Term
Species Distribution
Definition
The circulation of organisms globally; where there are the most species, most diverse, etc.
Term
Kingdom
Definition
main classification category in Classification of Living Things;
(1) Animalia (2) Plantae (3) Fungi (4)Protista; single-celled organisms (5)Monera; bacteria
Term
Parasitism
Definition
Where one organism benefits and other is harmed
ex. mosquito (parasite) human (host)
Term
Commensalism
Definition
where one participating organism benefits and other does not, but no harm is done to the non-benefitting organism.
ex. bird building nest in tree
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
an association between members of different species [sym: together, biosis: life]
Term
Interdependence
Definition
how different species interact and depend on each other to live
Term
Interspecies competition
Definition
When two or more species need the same resource; limits the size of the populations of competing species
Term
Community
Definition
when populations of different species live in the same area, forming community
Term
Variability
Definition
differences between organisms with in a species ex. humans are the same species but no human looks the same
Term
Mutualism
Definition
when two species rely on eachother equally; they both benefits
Term
Commensalism
Definition
type of symbiosis where one species benefits and the other is neutral
Term
Parasitism
Definition
type of symbiosis where one benefits and the other is harmed
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
where certain traits of nature (ex. height) are selected and passed on more than other traits; make for the most self-sufficient species
Term
Biological Diversity
Definition
differences in characteristics between and among species
Term
Diversity Index
Definition
a number representing the overall diveristy of a specific area
Calculated; # of Runs/ # of Specimens
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
differences in and between species
Bio: living
Diversity: range of difference
Term
DNA [chemical definition]
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Term
DNA
Definition
in chromosomes
contain genes
is the molecule contianing all information for body development and characteristics
Term
How many chromosomes does each cell contain?
Definition
23 pairs, 46 total
EXEPT Germ cells, containing on 23 total
Term
Genes
Definition
Blueprint for characteristics; biodiversity happens because of different characteristics in genes
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
hold DNA and are in cells (23 pairs)
Term
Genetic Code
Definition
A,T,C,G; make up "rungs" on DNA
Term
A,T,C,G
Definition
chemicals that make up DNA
A - Adenine
T - Thymine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
Term
Karyotype
Definition
the number, size, and shape of chromosomes arranged in a standard manner
Term
Genotype
Definition
underlying gene structure
Term
Phenotype
Definition
how the genotype is expressed in real life; what the person looks like
ex. if the genotype is Bb the phenotype looks like it could be BB or Bb
Term
Homozygous Gene
Definition
When both genes are either dominant (2 dominant genes) or recessive (2 recessive genes)
Term
Heterozygous Gene
Definition
A pair of genes where one is recessive and the other dominant; the dominant one is expressed
Term
Chromatid
Definition
half of the chromosome (two tribomeres)
Term
Centromere
Definition
the center point of a chromosome; where the tribomeres of a chromosome meet
Term
Chromosome
Definition
parts of the nucleus, containing genes, containing DNA, set out in pairs in the nucleus
Term
Semi-Conservative Replication
Definition
The type of DNA replication that exists, where one strand/helix of the DNA is from the original DNA and one from the replication
Term
Mutation/Different Types
Definition
differences in DNA over time; where messages are not translated correctly
Deletions
Substitutions
Insertions
Term
Different Types of DNA mutation
Definition
Germ Line Mutations
Somatic Mutations
De Novo Mutations
Neutral Mutations
Term
Germ Cell
Definition
Another term for "sex cell"
Term
Germ Line Mutation
Definition
Hereditary mutations; passed on through generations
ex. Hemophillia (blood disease)
Term
Somatic Mutations
Definition
not hereditary; mutations to cells that are no passed down (somatic cells)
Term
Somatic Cells
Definition
Cells in body but reproductive cells
Term
De Novo Mutations
Definition
New mutations not inherited from parents
Term
Neutral Mutations
Definition
mutations that are not noticed and dont affect the fitness of an animal (majority of mutations)
Term
Causes of Mutations
Definition
Ultraviolet Radiation [sun]
Ionizing Radiation [electronics, xrays, etc.]
chemical radiations [pesticides, cleaning fluids]
Viruses
Term
Tribomere
Definition
different "arms" of a chromosome
Term
Double Helix
Definition
means that the DNA [a double helix] has two outer pieces
these pieces are phosphate-sugar (ribose) backbone
Term
Haploid
Definition
a single set of chromosomes (found in reproductive cells); only one chromatid
Term
Diploid
Definition
how chromosomes usually are; with both chromatids together (one full chromosome)
Term
Nucleotide Sequence
Definition
the sequence on DNA; A,T,G,C
Term
Gamete
Definition
another term for germ/sex cell
Term
Zygote
Definition
one cell human embryo; start of human life
Term
Trisomy
Definition
when there is an extra chromosome to a pair of chromosomes (in a karyotype)

different trisomies can mean different malfunctions of human body [ex. trisomy 21 can signify risk of down syndrome]
Term
Discrete Variation
Definition
the presence/absence of a characteristic in a species (there are only 2 options; one dominant, one recessive)
ex. (human) attached earlobes, non-attached earlobes
Term
Continuous Variation
Definition
there are many options of variation; a range of forms
ex. hair colour, height, foot size, etc.
Term
Cloning
Definition
organisms that share the same genetic information
Term
artificial selection
Definition
process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits (done by humans and is strategic)
Term
artificial insemination
Definition
sperm is harvested and fertilizes many females (in livestock)
Term
In Vitro Fertilization
Definition
sperm and egg are put together in the labratory
Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition
refers to any technology that directly alters the DNA of an organism
Term
Allele
Definition
the different "options" per trait, one dominant, one recessive, or incomplete dominance
Term
Mitosis
Definition
another term for cell division; creates somatic cells and diploid chromosomes
Term
Mitosis Cycle
Definition
the steps towards completing cell division
Term
In-situ Conservation
Definition
the maintenance of populations of wild organisms in their fuctioning ecosystems
Term
Protected Areas (In-Situ)
Definition
Parks (national, provincial, civic, etc.), wildlife "corridors"
Term
Restoration Programs
Definition
charities, volunteer groups, private landowners, not-for-profit organizations, that benefit restoration of species
Term
Ex-situ conservation
Definition
conservation of components of biodiversity outside of a natural habitat
Term
Reproductive Strategies
Definition
particular ways plants reproduce to ensure the survival of their offspring (ex. cross-pollination)
Term
Heritable Traits
Definition
Characteristics inherited from parents
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
reproduction of an organism requiring only one parent
Term
Types of Asexual Reproduction
Definition
Binary Fission
Budding
Spore Production
Vegetative Reproduction
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
involves the combination of two organisms DNA (2 individuals)
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
where there is a recessive/dominant allele but when in heterozygous form it is a combination
Term
Co-dominance
Definition
Combination of two dominant alleles, where together in a heterozygous form it is a combination of both
Supporting users have an ad free experience!