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| Biological/Physical Anthropology |
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| Study of human biological variation in time and space. Areas of interest are evolution, genetics, growth, development and primatology. |
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| Human evolution as revealed by fossil recor, genetics, and growth and development |
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| Study of biology, evolution, beahvior and social life of primates. |
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| Measurement of human body parts and dimensions, including skeletal parts for use in anthropological classification and comparison. |
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| Study of bone as a biological tissue, including its geneetics, cell structure, growth and development, decay, and patterns of movement. |
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| Study of disease and injury of skeletons. |
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| Uses genetic analysis involving comparison of DNA sequences to determine evolutionary links and distances among species and among ancient and modern populations. |
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| Alternative to creationism and catastrophism, thought of by Darwin(who was influenced by Principle of Uniformitaranism) |
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| Biological similarities and differences originated at the creation, creation as in the Book of Genesis. |
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| Modified version of Creationism that accounts for the fossil record by positing divinely authored worldwide disasters that wiped out creatures represented in fossil record. |
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| Process by which nature selects the forms most suited to survive and reproduce in a given environment. |
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| Studies ways in which chromosomes transmit genes across generations. Genetics is the science that emerged after Darwin, helps to understand Biological Evolution. |
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| Refers to alleles and genotypes within breeding population. |
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| Refers to genetic makeup of an organism. |
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| The organisms evident biological characteristics. |
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| Loss of alleles from a populations gene pool through chance. Lost alleles can reappear in gene pool through mutation. |
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| Exchange of genetic material between populations of same species. Works with natural selection and inhibits speciation. |
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| Modern Synthesis(Combination of Darwin and Mendel) |
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| Currently accepted view of evolution. |
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| Large scale changes in allele frequencies in a population over a long period of time. |
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| Small scale changes in allele frequencies over a few generations. |
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| Long periods of stasis may be interrupted by leaps. Sudden change offers possibility for pace of evolutions to speed up. Extinction is then more common. |
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Bipedalism- provides ability to see over long grass/more energy efficient/exposes less body surface to sun.
Brain and Skulls- brain size increased and longer childhood dependancy.
Tools- could carry and manufacture them
Teeth- reduction of canines |
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| Earliest hominins (6 million years ago)Remains are incomplete, but do suggest it was bipedal and about 4 ft tall. |
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| Australopithecus afarensis |
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Definition
| 3-3.8 million years ago. Had apelike face with distinct ridge over eyes. Fully bipedal, quite stong and had height/weight proportions to that of a human. "Lucy" |
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| 3.9 - 4.2 million years ago |
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| 2.5 million years ago. Found in ethiopia. Added ancestor to tree and came with tools that were yet to be found. |
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| Biological and Cultural changes enabled H. erectus to exploit new gathering and hunting strategies. Small groups broke off from large ones. |
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| Encompasses earliest members of our species. Brain size was withing modern range. |
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| Generated computerized model, based upon rate of mutation from one woman "Eve" |
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| H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens in all regions of the world not just Africa. |
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| Denies Neanderthal ancestry of modern humans. |
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