Term
|
Definition
underweight: less than 18.5
normal: 18.5-24.9
overweight: 25-29.9
Obesity I: 30-34/9
Obesity II: 35-39.9
Extreme Obesity III: 40+ |
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Term
|
Definition
Type II Diabetes
Sleep Apnea
Stroke
Gynecological Problems
Hypertension
Coronary Heart Disease
High Cholesterol |
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Term
| FDA approved weight loss drugs |
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Definition
Short term: phentermine, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, benzphetamine
Long term: orlistat, lorcasserin, Qnexa |
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Term
| steps to treating obesity |
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Definition
therapeutic lifestyle change
pharmacological weight management
weight loss surgery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Short-Term Anti-Obesity Drugs |
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Definition
appetite suppression produced by augmenting the neurotransmission of norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine
increases satiety and decreases hunger |
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Term
| Long-Term Anti-Obesity Drugs |
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Definition
| blocks the digestion and absorption of fat |
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Term
|
Definition
gastic bypass
only for people with BMI over 40, tried other treatments, and have other life-threatening conditions |
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Term
| what are the classifications of drugs in sports? |
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Definition
Performance Continuance Drugs
Recreational Drugs
Performance Enhancing Drugs (build muscle and increase oxygen delivery) |
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Term
|
Definition
infusing RBCs (autotransfusion)
injection of EPO |
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Term
| what does testosterone do to the body naturally? |
|
Definition
anabolic effects promote muscle building by retaining dietary proteins
androgenic effects trigger the maturing of the male reproductive system |
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Term
| what physical characteristics are considered feminzation of males due to anabolic steroids? |
|
Definition
soft muscles
development of breasts
baldness
shrunken testicles
infertility
impotence
tendency towards fatty deposits |
|
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Term
| how does growth hormone strengthen bones? What does it do to calcium levels? |
|
Definition
HGH increases calcium retention
aids in bone growth |
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Term
| What are other effects of growth hormones? |
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Definition
can cause acromegaly
growth of organs
joint pain
muscle weakness |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (EPO) hormone that controls erythropoiesis |
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Term
| What does erythropoetin do to oxygen supply? |
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Definition
| causes bone marrow to produce more RBCs, thus increasing the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood in |
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Term
| What organ releases erythropoetin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hematocrit? How does it relate to erythropoetin use? |
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Definition
| the percentage of whole blood that is occupied by the RBCs |
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Term
| What does a high hematocrit level indicate? |
|
Definition
concentrated/thick blood
low hematocrit means dilute/thin blood
normal HCT is 41-50% in men and 36-44% in women |
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Term
| What are some adverse effects of taking recombinant erythropoietin? |
|
Definition
| increases blood viscosity |
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Term
|
Definition
medications which treat non-life threatening and non-painful conditions
used to make an individual's life "better" |
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Term
|
Definition
discovered in 9th century, widespread by 17th century
increased attention/alertness, decreased fatigue
lower risk of cardiovascular disease
lower risk of diabetes
increased metabolic rate
anxiety and addiction
increased blood pressure
reduced control of fine motor skills
stimulation of urination |
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Term
|
Definition
caffeine increases dopamine levels
increases production of adrenaline |
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Term
|
Definition
discovered accidentally when trying to treat hypertension
side effects: headache, flushing, diarrhea, UTIs, cialis |
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Term
|
Definition
| causes vasodilation by inhibiting the enzyme PDE5 |
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Term
|
Definition
neurotoxin, used to treat cros eyes, excessive sweating, muscle stiffness, and wrinkles
paralyzes muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
prevents the release of ACh
without ACh you can't contract your muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
originally used as eye drops for treating glaucoma
darkens pigment
can cause dry eye |
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Term
|
Definition
not sure
possibly works to extend the growth stage of eyelashes |
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Term
|
Definition
originally used to treat high blood pressure
can cause unwanted hair, dizziness, burning, redness |
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Term
|
Definition
unclear
possibly a vasodilator
reduces speed of hair follicles shrinking
makes shrunken hair follicles larger
extends the growth stage of hair |
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Term
|
Definition
read the label- FDA teaches you how to use OTCs
it's easy to overdose and not know it
OTCs are not meant for long-term use
OTCS are for non-serious ailments, which can also be treated with sleep, hydration, daily exercise, high fiber, and reducing sugar |
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Term
| why are OTCs not meant for long-term use? |
|
Definition
higher risk of side effects
build up tolerance
more serious condition |
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Term
|
Definition
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
pain killer, fever reducer, anti-inflmmatory
block the enzyme COX |
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Term
|
Definition
pain reliever, fever reducer
not anti-inflammatory |
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Term
|
Definition
relief of nasal congestion
in most cold and sinus medicines
should not be used for more than 3 days
increased blood flow in nasal sinuses and lots of mucus when sick, decongestants constrict blood vessels in nasal tissue to reduce inflammation and mucous |
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Term
|
Definition
anti-allergy
reduces nasal congestion
makes you sleepy
anti-nausea |
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Term
|
Definition
reduce dry cough
decreases activity in the part of the brain that causes coughing
cough syrup, cough drops, menthol |
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|
Term
|
Definition
used for productive coughs
increases coughing initially to remove phlegm
reduces adhesiveness and surface tension and the viscosity of secretions
works on the mucous in the lungs |
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|
Term
| antacids and acid reducers |
|
Definition
for short term relief of heart burn, peptic ulcers
neutralize the acid in the stomach (Tums/short term)
prevent the stomach from producing more acid (Prilosec/long-term) |
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Term
|
Definition
bowel preparation for surgery
chronic constipation
hard stool
using long-term can be dangerous |
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Term
|
Definition
upsets electrolyte and mineral balances
causes internal organ damage |
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Term
|
Definition
relief of diarrhea
hardening stool |
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Term
|
Definition
used for short-term insomnia
antihistamines
tolerance can develop quickly |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
prevent nausea and vomitting
prevent motion sickness
prevent side effects of drugs (chemo)
antihistamine |
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Term
|
Definition
benzoyl peroxide opens pores, anti-microbial
salicylic acid is an anti-inflammatory
both increase turnover of skin cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibit itching from sunburns, allergic retains, insect bites, stings, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
prevent sunburn by reducing the skin's exposure to the sun's UV radiation
sunscreen absorbs UV rays before they enter the skin, contains SPF
sunblock reflects the sun's rays, preventing UV rays from getting through (less popular) |
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Term
|
Definition
sun protection factor
measure of a sunscreen's ability to prevent UV rays from damaging the skin
SPF x time it take to burn when not wearing sunscreen= amount of time the sunscreen will protect you |
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|
Term
|
Definition
contains one or more:
vitamins
minerals
herb
amino acid
dietary substance
concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combo |
|
|
Term
| dietary supplements versus OTC and prescription drugs |
|
Definition
dietary supplements do not require any scientific evidence of safety or effectiveness
quality control assurances are not mandatory
dietary supplements are safe and effective until proven harmful
OTC and prescription drugs are the opposite |
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|
Term
| Guidelines for Choosing a Dietary Supplement |
|
Definition
Consult your health provider
beware of weight loss, sex enhancement, body building
look for quality evaluation by independent 3rd party org.
research supplements using reputable/unbiased sources
avoid info from biased websites, salespeople, ads |
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|
Term
|
Definition
organic micronutrients which we need but our bodies are unable to make
either water soluble or fat soluble |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
release energy from food
nervous system function
green peas, asparagus, spinach, pork, tuna, whole grains |
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|
Term
|
Definition
aka Riboflavin
release energy from food
metabolize fats, carbs, and proteins
promotes good vision and healthy skin
milk eggs, liver, dark green veggies, whole grains |
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|
Term
|
Definition
aka Niacin
produces energy
metabolizes fats, carbs, and protein
repairs DNA
fish, poultry, liver, peanuts, whole grains |
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|
Term
|
Definition
aka Pantothenic Acid
produces energy
metabolizes fats, carbs, and proteins
aids in production of hormones
meats, eggs, whole grains, legumes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
protein metabolism
aids in insulin production
RBC production
pork, meat, leafy green veggies, legumes, whole grains
serious if deficiency in infants |
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|
Term
|
Definition
aka Biotin
releases energy from food
metabolizes fats, carbs, and proteins
vegetables, eggs, milk, liver and kidney, yeast breads |
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Term
|
Definition
aka Folic Acid
protein metabolism
DNA synthesis and repair
cell division and growth (pregnancy)
meats, fish, dark green leafy veggies, legumes, citrus fruits, whole grains
deficiency in pregnant women is linked to birth defects, especially neural tube defects |
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Term
|
Definition
aka cobalamin
protein metabolism
RBC production
aids in maintaining nervous system
meats, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products (all animal sources)
vegetarians and vegans are at risk |
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Term
|
Definition
aka ascorbic acid
aids in wound healing
aids in bone and tooth formation
improves immune function
antioxidant
citrus fruits, kiwi, red peppers, strawberries, broccoli, cauliflower
severe deficiency causes scurvy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
aka Retinol
vision
bone and tooth growth
reproduction
cell division
immune system
maintaining moisture
can cause severe birth defects
dairy products, fish, orange or dark green fruits and veggies |
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|
Term
|
Definition
helps form and maintain bones
promotes calcium absorption in the gut
immunity
helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels
dairy products, oily fish
exclusively breastfed babies are at risk because breastmilk is low in Vitamin D
overconsumption can cause birth defects
sunlight with UVB rays will cause bare skin to produce Vit D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protects skin cells from UV damage
antioxidant
fruits, veggies, nuts, seeds, grains, vegetable oils |
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|
Term
|
Definition
required for blood clotting
promotes bone health
prevents calcification of blood vessels
leafy green veggies, cabbage, animal produces |
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|
Term
|
Definition
elemental compounds required for biological function
need more macro minerals than trace elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
sodium
potassium
chloride
sulfur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iron
zinc
iodine
selenium
copper
manganese
fluroide
chromium
molybdenum
cobalt |
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|
Term
| who should take a dietary supplement? |
|
Definition
alcoholics
persons over 50
strict vegetarians and vegans
pregnant women
breastfed infants |
|
|
Term
| who does not need to take dietary supplements? |
|
Definition
| adults with normal health who eat a variety of foods |
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|
Term
|
Definition
recommended daily allowance
daily intake level of a nutrient that meets the body's requirement to function optimally
determined by gender, age, and life stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the fraction of the dose of the drug or dietary supplement that is available to the body in a usable form after administration
what actually makes it into the blood circulation |
|
|
Term
| what can interfere with absorption |
|
Definition
digestive disorders
alcoholism
large amounts of caffeine
lack of fat in the digestive track
dietary restrictions
form of the supplement (natural is better)
prescription medications
taking competing supplements
failing to take complementary supplements |
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|
Term
|
Definition
the intentional consumption of ten times or more of the RDA of a vitamin or supplement
more difficult to reach toxic levels with water soluble vitamins
you should only megadose if your doctor recommends it |
|
|
Term
| drug interaction with dietary supplements |
|
Definition
| tell your doctor if you are taking supplements |
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|
Term
|
Definition
foods that are unprocessed and unrefined as little as possible before being consumed
fruits, veggies, nuts, meats, eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
improves overall health
contain non-isolated nutrients
increase absorption of vitamins and minerals
almost impossible to reach toxic levels
better in natural form |
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