Term
|
Definition
| The science of the structure of body and its relationship. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of physical and chemical processes involved in the functioning of the human body |
|
|
Term
| Define Metabolism and its two categories |
|
Definition
The sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living organisms are produced and maintained, and also the transformation by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities.
Anabolism
Catabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A methatbolic process through which living organisms break down complex substances to simple compunds, liberating energy for use in work, energy storage, or hear production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A constructive metabolic process characterized by the conversion of simple substances into larger, complex molecules. |
|
|
Term
| List the levels of structural organization in increasing order |
|
Definition
| Chemical-Cellular -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organismal Level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The maintenance of a stable equilibrium in biological system that oppresses external or internal disturbabnce. |
|
|
Term
| Define the two feedback mechanisms |
|
Definition
| Negative feedback, Positive feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of reducing the output or activity of any organ or system back to its normal range of functioning. A good example of this is regulating blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a system tends to increase output. The product of a reaction influences or increases the forward direction of the system. |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 major components of a negative feedback mechanism |
|
Definition
| Stimulus, Sensor, Integrator, and Effector |
|
|
Term
| Principle of Complementarity of structure and function |
|
Definition
| Each component of human body is structured to perform a specific function |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of ectoparasites |
|
Definition
| A parasite that can be live on the outside of humans or animals. Fleas, ticks, lice, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Vectors of infectious disease |
|
Definition
| Vectors are the transmitters of disease causing organisms that carry the pathogens. A vector is an animal, insect, or living organism that can carry and transmit communicable diseases to humans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rate at which a certain event occurs within a specific time period (the number of a new cases of a disease during a period of time in a population at risk). |
|
|
Term
| Define Normal Micro flora |
|
Definition
| Multitudes of harmless bacterias inhabit in human body. |
|
|
Term
| Define Opportunistic Pathogens |
|
Definition
| An infectious microorganism that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause disease when the host’s resistance is low. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of the group of organisms primarily characterized by the lack of true nucleus and other membrane-bound cell compartments... unicellular bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To define subcategories of bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| Fungi that reproduce by budding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common symptoms of infectious disease |
|
Definition
| Fever, Muscular Pain, Lethargy, Headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary stage of certain infectious diseases during which early/initial symptoms appear. |
|
|
Term
| Define Nosocomial Infections |
|
Definition
| Infections that were not present before the patient came to a hospital, but were acquired by a patient while in the hospital. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Diseases caused by exotoxins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Penicillin? |
|
Definition
| Inhibits cellular synthesis between the cellular walls of a bacterium. |
|
|
Term
| Broad Spectrum Antibiotics |
|
Definition
An antibiotic with effects against a wide range of disease-causing bacterium.
|
|
|
Term
| Describe make up of the Immune System. |
|
Definition
| Red bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymphoid gland, T and C lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| Define Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules |
|
Definition
| A large gene-dense region found in most vertebrates that plays an important role in the immune system and autoimmunity |
|
|
Term
| Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) location |
|
Definition
| Are found on every nucleated cell in the body (not red blood cells). Displays protein fragments to T cells, marking healthy cells vs cells with foreign matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Big Eaters" - Engulfs and Digests Foreign Particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intercellular protein messenger molecules that regulate movement, proliferation, and differentiation of immune and other cells. |
|
|
Term
| Immunoglobulins are produced by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differentiation of T lymphocytes. |
|
Definition
| This is a process that occurs in the Thymus |
|
|
Term
| Specific immune mechanisms include... |
|
Definition
| Antimicrobial peptides called defensins, phagocytosis, and the complement system. |
|
|
Term
| The most abundant Immunoglobulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immunoglobulins that is involved in allergic and hypersensitivity responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Master Switch" cell in immune system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differentiation of T lymphocytes |
|
Definition
| This is a process that occurs in the thymus |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte involved in humoral immunity through the production of antibodies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define Clusters of Differentiation (CD) |
|
Definition
| Surface proteins that act as markers of recognition for various T and B cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Assist in removing foreign materials from lymph channels
2) Cents for immune cell proliferation |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Active Immunity |
|
Definition
| Immunity reused by a response to the exposure to a pathogen agent |
|
|
Term
| Examples of non-specific diseases |
|
Definition
| Skin, mucus membranes, phagocytes, inflammation (NOT antigen tagging) |
|
|
Term
| Presence of local heat during inflammation response is due to |
|
Definition
| Increased local blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attraction of leukocytes to an injurious agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H.I.V. - Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual, Blood, Maternal-placental, and breast milk |
|
|
Term
| HIV virus directly infects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The white blood cell has the greater rate of increase during a bacterial infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Capture and process antigens |
|
|
Term
| Describe the acute phase response during an inflammation |
|
Definition
| Fever, Skeletal muscle catabolism, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory Mediators that contribute to swelling, redness, heat, and pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive antibody test in an infant indicates |
|
Definition
| A prenatally exposed infant with maternal antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Define Opportunistic Infections |
|
Definition
| Infections of normal harmless organisms in persons with compromised immune functions |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of the acute primary infection and primary phase of HIV |
|
Definition
| Mononucleosis like syndrome with fever, myalgras, malaise, sore throat, nausea, lethargy, photo phobia, lymphademopathy, and detera |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms at the point in which immune system is compromised by HIV |
|
Definition
| Mallignencies, opportunistic infections, dormant infections, surface, etc |
|
|
Term
| Describe the "window phase" of HIV infection |
|
Definition
| the time between infection and detectable antibody levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endemic in West Africa, rare in rest of world |
|
|
Term
| Most common respiratory opportunistic disease in persons who die with AIDS |
|
Definition
| Pneunocystis - carinii pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Ways HIV is NOT transmitted |
|
Definition
| Air, Saliva (Kissing), Insect Bite |
|
|
Term
| How does HIV infect a cell? |
|
Definition
| Attaches by surface protein on the viral surface, to special receptor CD4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HIV, Blood, Semen, Vaginal |
|
|
Term
| Most accurate and inexpensive method to Test for the HIV |
|
Definition
| Screening with an immunissay (EIA or ELISA) followed by Western Blotif array is positive |
|
|
Term
| Describe AIDS dementia complex |
|
Definition
| Memory Loss, Difficulty Concentrating, Eurphoria, Lethargy |
|
|
Term
| Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to detect |
|
Definition
| The presence of viral DNA |
|
|
