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| liquid connective tissue, chief means of transport within the body |
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| the liquid matrix found in blood vessels. composed of water & dissolved substances. (plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances, & waste products) |
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| red & white blood cells and platelets |
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| the process by which formed elements of blood develop |
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| red blood cells (RBC), bioconcave (no nucleus), contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen *most abundant cell in the body* |
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| platelets, small cell fragments that facilitate & promote blood clotting (platelets) |
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| white blood cells (WBC), have a nucleus, do not have hemoglobin, responsible for fighting infection |
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| WBC's can leave the bloodstream to fight infections by squeezing through the cell layers of blood vessels |
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| have small granules in the cytoplasm (look like grains of sand) |
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| nucleus has 2-5 lobes, which are connected by a thin chromatin filament, small grains, most abundant leukocyte, increase due to bacterial infection, burns, & stress |
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| nucleus has 2 large lobes, which are connected by a thick strand, large grains, increase in number due to allergic reactions & parasitic infections (granules look pink) |
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| nucleus has 2 lobes, but is obscured by many granules, the whole cell looks dark & grainy, cell is small, increases due to allergic reactions & cancers (granules look purple or blue) |
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| no grains in the cytoplasm |
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| nucleus is large & round, taking up most of the cell, cell is large, increase with viral infections (AIDS attacks these) |
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| nucleus is "horseshoe" shaped or may look like the letter "M", cell is huge, increase in number due to viral & fungal infection, leukemia & chronic diseases. these cells migrate out of the bloodstream becoming macrophages that will gather at the site of infection |
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| process of cell eating, both monocytes & neutriphils engulf material for disposal |
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| anything that is recognized as foreign & provokes an immune response, proteins located on the surface of red blood cells (generates immune response) |
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| bind to & react with specific antigens |
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| an additional antigen found on the surface of RBC's |
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| occurs when a mom is negative & babies are positive. Rh negative mother is exposed to Rh+ antigens from 1st baby. the 1st baby is unaffected. after he birth, mother develops antibodies against Rh. if the woman has a second Rh+ baby her antibodies will cross the placenta & attack |
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| can receive blood from any blood type donor, AB positive |
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| can give blood to any other blood type, O negative |
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| occurs when & incompatible blood type is given. antibodies in the recipient blood react with donor antigens causing RBC's to stick together, clot, & rupture |
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| measures the percent of blood that is RBC's, that is, it measures RBC volume (packed cell volume) |
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| abnormal RBC count or volume, means that there are more cells than there should be |
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| a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced. characterized by reduced numbers of RBC's or a low amount of hemoglobin |
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| measures hemoglobin in blood |
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| tells what blood type and Rh factor you are |
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