Term
| how is blood a tissue structurally? |
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Definition
| it has cellular parts that carry information in nucleus about form and non-cellular parts called matrix that hold parts together so non-sharp objects don't penetrate (blood has less matrix than skin) |
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Term
| formed elements of blood and what percentage |
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Definition
| white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets these make up 45% of blood |
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Term
| matrix elements of blood and what percent |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| matrix without the clotting protein |
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Term
| how much of plasma is water? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much of the matrix is proteins and what are they made by? |
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Definition
| 7-8 % most are made by lipid |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that helps to maintain the concentration of water inside and outside the circulatory system (inside needs less water) this is based on concentration, it uses osmosis to move from high concentration to low concentration (most abundant blood protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood protein made by the liver; have a globular shape; also made by the immune system (antibodies); bind to non-soluble proteins and transport them. (2nd most abundant blood protein) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood protein involved in the clotting process -ogen=generating generates fibers for blood clots (3rd most abundant blood protein) |
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Term
| what are some solutes other than proteins found in the plasma and about what percent of the plasma comes from other solutes? |
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Definition
| digestion products (simple sugars, amino acids, lipid breakdown products associated with proteins), nitrogenous wastes (ammonia that is formed when amino group is pulled off an amino acid and is disposed of in kidneys), respiratory gases (oxygen and co2), regulatory substances (growth hormone, insulin, enzymes), electrolytes (something that carries an electrical charge i.e. ions) |
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cells; biconcave discs because oxygen can diffuse quickly, most abundant of the formed elements, do not have nuclei, and transport respiratory gases |
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Term
| how many erythrocytes per microliter cubed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cells, least abundant, involved in immune response, increase in quantity when they need to fight off infection |
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Term
| how many leukocytes per microliter? |
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Definition
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Term
| granular leukocytes - what does granular mean? |
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Definition
| under a microscope a cell appears to have granules in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| granular leukocytes; most abundant white blood cell makes up about 65% of white blood cells; does not stain well (neutral pH), polymorphonuclear (have subsections to nucleus) |
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Term
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Definition
| make up about 4% of white blood cells; granular leukocytes; granules that like eosin dye (acidic) |
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Term
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Definition
| make up less than 1% of leukocytes; granular leukocytes that are the least abundant WBC; granules that like basic (pH) dyes |
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Term
| agranular leukocytes - definition |
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Definition
| no obvious granules in they cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| agranular leukocyte; 2nd most abundant wbc type; attacks invaders |
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Term
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Definition
| agranular leukocyte; largest WBC; has a bean shaped nucleus; makes up about 5% of WBC |
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Term
| thrombocytes - definition |
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Definition
| platelets; clotting cells; intermediate, however still significantly less than RBC |
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Term
| how many thrombocytes per microliter? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many sets of genes determines blood type? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do genes determine blood type and what is the gene called? |
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Definition
| 1 set of chromosomes with the gene on them in a specific place that determines blood type. Gene is called I or i. |
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Term
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Definition
| agglutinogens; generate an immune response against something; the antigens generate glutination or coagulation (clumps); to type a person type A or B is an antigen |
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Term
| where are antigens found on the red blood cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| determined blood type - definition |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| agglutinins; they cause the antigens/agglutinogens to glutinate. (try to destroy foreign cells) |
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Term
| anti A, Anti B, Both, Neither |
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Definition
| called IgM molecule; 5 prongs with 2 binding sites on each prong before the red blood cell nucleus is destroyed these characteristics are shown to classify it as one of these types |
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Term
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Definition
| what the genes are that are determining what type your blood is |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristics that are observable based oh which genes you have |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| discovered 1st n the rhesis monkey. 85% of the population has this antigen and 15% don't |
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Term
| Genetic determination of Rh antigen |
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Definition
| 3 genes determine the Rh antigen; C D and E are the genes that influence Rh. E is always positive, C and D can sometimes be seen as negative because there are sometimes trace amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus; 1st pregnancy there are usually no problems because placents filters well; between pregnancies the mother has developed anti D antibodies called IgG. If she becomes pregnant with a second Rh+ child her antibodies will cause the second babies blood to coagulate and often the child is aborted or there is tissue damage or blue baby (blue because cells rupture and baby does not receive enough oxygen |
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Term
| Thromboplastin Clotting Process |
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Definition
| thromboplastin is produced in the extrinsic pathway that acts on materials in the blood plasma that activates prothrombinase that activates trombin, which converts fibrinogin to fibrin, which helps blood clot. there is not a clot unless a significant amount of fibrin is formed up to that point everything is soluble. (antithrombins will inhibit the conversion or prothrombin to thrombin which keeps blood from clotting. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood clotting, clotting can usually be used to prevent massive blood loss with pressure. Usually cannot help with a very large wound such as a bullet wound. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to contraction of connective tissue in the wall of the blood vessel constricting the vessel reducing the blood flow through the punctured vessel. The pain activation is what causes the vessel wall to contract. |
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Term
| Pain, vessel damage, serotonin |
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Definition
| pain alerts the vessel of damage and serotonin is the hormone that causes the vessel to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| platelets come into contact with collagen fibers, which make platelets become "stickier" which forms a plug of platelets that reduced blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| ripple effect. one set of cells alerts another and so on. this is the process that forms a clot. |
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Term
| agglutination vs coagulation |
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Definition
| agglutination is blood cells being held together by antibodies; used in blood typing. Coagulation is the process whereby a collection of molecules in blood clotting act in concert with one another to form a cascade of more and more molecules becoming activated to stop blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces the likelihood that you will lose a lot of blood from a small puncture. It is activated by damage to a vessel from the outside. |
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Term
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Definition
| a clotting method where platelets adhere to a fatty plaque of atherosclerosis and forms clotting on the inside of a vessel. It is activated by damage to a vessel from the inside |
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Term
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Definition
| thrombin formation is suppressed by anticoagulants that are present in plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| is secreted by the liver and deactivates thrombin before it can act on fibrinogen |
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Term
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Definition
| is secreted by basophils and mast cells and interferes with the formation of prothrombin activator and blocks the action of thrombin on fibrinogen andpromotes the activity of antithrombin. heparin is given by injection to patients with clotting tendencies |
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Term
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Definition
| also called coumadin. used to be used as a pesticide on rats and made them bleed to death. is used with great care as an anticoagulant |
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Term
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Definition
| clotting disorders can result from causes such as malnutrition, leukemia, and gallstones |
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Term
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Definition
| a family or hereditary disease characterized by deficiencies of one factor or another, because of its sex-linked recessive heredity it is most predominant in males |
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Term
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Definition
| because the disease hemophilia travels in sex chromosomes it is found more in males because females have XX genes where both are dominant and males have XY genes where the Y is recessive and can house the condition |
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Term
| factor VIII (hemophilia type A) |
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Definition
| accounts for 83% of cases of hemophilia and afflicts 1 in 5000 males worldwide can be treated with purified factor VIII or transfusion of plasma |
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Term
| factor IX (hemophilia type B) |
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Definition
| accounts for 15% of cases and occurs in 1 in 30000 males world wide. |
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Term
| antihemophilic factor a, b |
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Definition
| term used to describe factor VIII (A) and XI (B) |
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Term
| antihemophilic factor a, b |
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Definition
| term used to describe factor VIII (A) and XI (B) |
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Term
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Definition
| a rarer type of hemophilia that is autosomal and not sex linked so it occurs equally in both sexes |
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