Term
| modified mitochondria; "giardia" |
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Definition
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Term
| plant type chloroplasts; "chlamydomanus" |
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Definition
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Term
| lobe shape pseudopodia; "amoeba, parasites" |
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Definition
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Term
| phycoerythrin, no flagella stage; "porphyra" |
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Definition
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Term
| smooth, hairy flagella; "water molds" |
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Definition
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Term
| sub-surface sacs; "dinoflagellates" |
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Definition
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Term
| flagella with spiral or crystalline rod; "trupansoma"=> African Sleeping Sickness |
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Definition
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Term
| small plant because still depends on H2O, no cellulose |
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Definition
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Term
| vascular tissue, to grow higher, still dependent on H2O for reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
| naked seeds, vascular seeds, pines "conifers" |
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Definition
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Term
| covered seed, vascular, fruited plant |
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Definition
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Term
| the gametophyte produces ________ by _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Following fertilization the ___________ divides ________ to develop the _________. |
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Definition
| zygotes, mitosis, sporophytes |
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Term
| The sporophyte produces ________ by ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Spores germinate and develop into the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. All photoautotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes are plants. |
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Definition
| False, algae are protists |
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Term
| t/f. heterosporous plants produce male and female spores |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. the gametophyte generation is most reduced in gymnospores. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. The ginko, cyads, and conifers are nake seed plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| A sporangium produces spores no matter what group its in. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. A fruit of an embryo, nutritive material, and a protective coat |
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Definition
| false (fruit produce ovaries) |
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Term
| A stamen consists of a filament and an anther in which microspores are produced, which give rise to pollen grains. |
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Definition
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Term
| The female gametophyte in angiosperms consists of haploid cells in which a few archegonia develop. |
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Definition
| false (angio => embryo sac) or (gymnosperms would be right) |
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Term
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Definition
| a.meiosis, b.spore, c.mature gametophyte, d.antheridium, e.sperm, f.sterile egg sheath, g.egg, h.fertilization, i. zygote, j.gametophyte, k.new sporophyte, l.mature sporophyte, m.sori (sporangium) |
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Term
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Definition
| a. sepal, b.petal, c.anther, d.stigma, f.ovule, e.ovary, i.meiosis, g.microsporangium, h.microsporocytes, j. microspore, k.male gametophye (in pollen grain (n)), l.pollen tube, m.megasporangium, n.pollen tube, o.style, p.central cell (two nuclei), q.egg, r.synergids, s.fertilization, t.endosperm (3n), u.zygote (2n), v.seed coat, w.endosperm, x.embryo, y.germinating seed |
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Term
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Definition
| from top left: sporozoites, inside mosquito, inside human, liver, liver cell, merozoite (n), red blood cells, gametophytes (n), fertilization, zygote (2n), meiosis, oocyst |
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Term
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Definition
| integument, spore wall, megaspore (n), megasporangium (2n) |
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Term
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Definition
| from top left: stamen (filament, anther), petal, carpel (stigma, style, ovary), sepal, ovary, ovule |
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Term
| What is the most diverse group of organisms, made up of thousands of species, and primarily consisting of aerobic aquatic organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. there were only two symbiotic events, resulting in the formation of mitochondria and nuclei to form eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
| False - primary and secondary symbiosis (mitochondira and chloroplasts) |
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Term
| Describe if applicable the mitochondria, genetic material, method of nutrition, example of an organism, and the disease it causes for Diplomonads |
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Definition
| modified mitochondria; anaerobic with RNA, no DNA, two nuclei and multiple flagella; parasitic; "giardia" |
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Term
| Describe if applicable the mitochondria, genetic material, method of nutrition, example of an organism, and the disease it causes for euglenozoans |
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Definition
| ; small spiral rod inside flagella; mixotrophs; trypanosoma - African Sleeping sickness |
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Term
| Describe if applicable the mitochondria, genetic material, method of nutrition, example of an organism, and the disease it causes for Alveolates |
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Definition
| alveoli under plasma membrane; malaria |
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Term
| Describe if applicable the mitochondria, genetic material, method of nutrition, example of an organism, and the disease it causes for dinoflagellates |
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Definition
| cellulose plates with two flagella in "armor"; mixotrophs and heterotrophs |
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Term
| Describe if applicable the mitochondria, genetic material, method of nutrition, example of an organism, and the disease it causes for Oomycetes |
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Definition
| cellulose walls and hyphae; decomposers or parasites; Potato late blight |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| haploid/diploid? gametophytes |
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Definition
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Term
| haploid/diploid? sporophytes |
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Definition
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Term
| haploid/diploid? human somatic cells |
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Definition
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Term
| process? gamete => gametophyte |
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Definition
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Term
| process? zygote => sporophtye |
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Definition
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Term
| process? two gametes => sporophyte |
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Definition
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Term
| process? sporophyte => spores/gametes |
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Definition
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Term
| what protist is the link between plants and protists? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two structures do most protists use to move? How are amoebas different? |
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Definition
| flagella and cilia; pseudopodia |
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Term
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Definition
| localized regions of cell division at the tips of shoots and roots |
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Term
| what is alternation of generations? |
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Definition
| haploid and diploid structures during life cycle |
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Term
| why do many scientists believe that plants evolved from green algae (three reasons)? |
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Definition
| cellulose cell walls, chloroplasts and chlorophyll, mitosis, sperm, DNA similar |
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Term
| What are four plant groups we discussed, in order of evolutionary hierarchy (least to most), what do their names mean, and what makes each group better than the last evolutionarily? |
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Definition
| bryophytes (non-vascular plants), seedless vascular plants (dominant sporophytes - so able to move away form water), gymnosperms ("naked seeds" have seeds), Angiosperms ("covered seed" fruited seeds and flowers) |
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Term
| List some challenges for plants becoming terrestrial. |
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Definition
| scarce water supply, harder sexual reproduction, had to develop cellulose in cell wall to support itself so it could grow |
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Term
| List some benefits for plants moving to land |
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Definition
| more CO2, direct sunlight, no predators on land |
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Term
| What's the difference between seeds and fruits? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the difference between ovule and ovary |
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Definition
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Term
| What characteristic of peat bogs makes them able to preserved things? |
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Definition
| very acidic so no decomposition |
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Term
| What do bryophytes require for reproduction and what generation dominates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which plants contributed to formation of coal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are ferns restricted to damp areas? |
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Definition
| ferns still have swimming sperm |
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Term
| why are mosses good at detecting radiation levels? |
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Definition
| only one strand of alleles in RNA, so easily detectable |
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Term
| Gymnosperms come from what time period and are adapted for low ______ conditions? |
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Definition
| 360 million years ago (Paleozoic) , water (first to have taproot) |
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Term
| As evolution progressed, what stage in plants became less dominant and what stage became more dominant? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of a flower is male? Which part is female? |
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Definition
| Stamen (anther, filiment), carpel (stigma, style, ovary) |
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Term
| Describe relationships between angiosperms and animals like birds, bees, and bats? |
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Definition
| coevolutionized to attract each of the orginisms (red, yellow, open at night and are white or vibrant color) |
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Term
| What compound is found in the pacific yew and what condition can it treat? |
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Definition
| taxol, treats ovarian cancer |
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Term
| Describe structure of fungi |
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Definition
| mycelium (all hyphae), reproductive structure |
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Term
| why do the hyphae of fungi have a high surface area to volume ratio? |
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Definition
| branch out easier in ground |
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Term
| How are fungi similar/different to/from plants? |
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Definition
| both are sessile/ fungi = decomposer plants = autotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
| spread enzymes, they break down nutrients, then they absorb the nutrients |
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Term
| what is a lichen composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungi cell walls are made up of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. fungi can reproduce sexually and asexually. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What a heterokaryotic cell? |
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Definition
| two different nuclei in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| zygomycetes, glomycetes, ascomycoda, basidomycetes |
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Term
| Out line the life cycle of basidiomycetes in four steps |
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Definition
1. long lived heterokaryotic mycelium
2. in response to environmental stimuli the mycelium reproduces sexually
3.elaborate fruiting bodies (basidiocarps)
4. basidia of the basidiocarp produce sexual spores (haploid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f. mold refers to the asexual stage and teh same fungus can actually go through a basidiocarp, ascocarp, or zygosporangia phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| what are molds used for commercially? |
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Definition
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Term
| what would happen if there were no fungi to break down organic matter? |
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Definition
| angiosperms cannot do it effectively, slower growing for them |
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Term
| list two human diseases caused by fungi. |
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Definition
| athlete's foot and yeast infection |
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Term
| What does heterosporous mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does mycorrhizae mean? Why are they important? |
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Definition
| "Fungus root", break down their food, minimal work with optimal absorption |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What stage is dominant in each class of plants? |
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Definition
| Bryophyte- gametophyte, rest- sporophyte |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mature ovule, embryo, endosperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Decomposers, food (cheese), breaking down nutrients for other plants, yeast, antibiotics (how do they target fungi? They target the chitin in fungi, because we don't have chitin.) |
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Term
| What six plant species does 80% of the world's food supply come from? |
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Definition
| Rice, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, Cassava, Sweet Potatoes |
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Term
| What makes a flower perfect? |
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Definition
| having male and female parts on a plant |
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Term
| What three phyla belong to the seedless vascular plants? |
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Definition
| hornferns, moss (bryophytes), liverwarts (hepatophyta) |
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Term
| What parasite causes African Sleeping Sickness? |
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Definition
| Trypanasoma- eugleanazoans |
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Term
| What is coevolution and how was it helped angiosperms? |
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Definition
| two organisms evolving together symbiotically. angiosperms evolved to attract certain species of animals |
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Term
| Monocot characteristics: (embryos, leaf venation, roots, pollen, flowers) |
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Definition
| one cotyledon, veins usually parallel, fibrous root system, pollen grain with one opening, floral organs usually in multiples of three |
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Term
| Eudicot characteristics: (embryos, leaf venation, roots, pollen, flowers) |
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Definition
| two cotyledons, veins usually netlike, taproot, pollen grain with three openings, floral organs usually in multiples of four or five |
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