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BIOL 208 Final- Vocab
Vocab
22
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/05/2012

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Term
Define the following:

1. Integument
2. Calcification
3. Sclerotization
Definition
1. outer body covering
2. addition of CaCO3 (crustaceans)
3. protein cross linkages (insects)
Term
Define the following:

1. Chondrocyte
2. Osteoblast
3. Osteoclast
Definition
1. cartilage cells
2. cells that add bone tissue externally (build)
3. cells that remove bone tissue internally
Term
Define the following:

1. Sarcolemma
2. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
1. outer cell membrane of skeletal muscle
2. calcium filled channels adjacent to contracting filaments
Term
Define the following:

1. Fascicle
2. Keratinization
Definition
1. bundle of muscle cells/fibers
2. keratin protein protein accumulates inside upper cells in epidermis
Term
Define the following:

1. Vas Deferens
2. Epididymis
3. Ovum
4. Spermatozoa
Definition
1. sperm storage; joins urethra from testes
2. sperm maturation
3. egg cell; haploid
4. male reproductive cell; haploid
Term
Define the following:

1. Sprematogenesis
2. Oogenesis
3. Oogonium
4. Speratogonium
Definition
1. formation of sperm cells; occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes
2. formation of ova cells; occurs in follicles of ovary
3. primordial germ cell in females that develops into oocyte and ultimately a ovum
4. primordial germ cell in males that develops into spermatocyte and ultimately a spermatozoa
Term
Define the following:

1. Heterdont
2. Homodont
3. Deciduous Teeth
4. Horns
5. Antlers
Definition
1. different kinds of teeth (mammals)
2. all teeth the same (reptiles)
3. temporary milk teeth
4. both sexes; not shed, unbranched; core of bone with keratin sheath (sheep)
5. males only; shed annually, branched; entirely bone
Term
Define the following:

1. Guard Hair
2. Underhair
3. Vibrasse
Definition
1. exterior protection, pigmentation
2. interior insulation
3. long stiff hairs around face that are tactile
Term
Define the following:

1. Animal
2. Acoelomate
3. Pseudocoelomate
Definition
1. multicellular, heterotroph, movement, eukaryotic
2. no body cavity surrounding gut (flatworms)
3. Gut surrounded with body cavity, but no mesoderm (roundworms)
Term
Define the following:

1. Plasma
2. Platelets
3. Hemostasis
Definition
1. liquid portion of blood; made of dissolved gases, solids, and water
2. disk shaped cell fragments used for clotting
3. blood clotting
Term
Define the following:

1. Preformation
2. Epigenesis
3. Slow Block
4. Induction
Definition
1. mini embryo in gamete unfolds
2. fertilized egg contains only raw materials that assemble
3. vitelline envelope hardens and sperm entry is blocked
4. cells in particular of embryo determine developmental response for neighboring cells
Term
Define the following:

1. Blastula
2. Blastomere
3. Archenteron
4. Protostome
5. Deuterostome
6. Blastocoel
Definition
1. hollow ball of cells
2. first cells cleaved by egg
3. primitive gut
4. mouth forms first from blastopore
5. anus forms first
6. cavity in blastula
Term
Define the following:

1. Isolecithal
2. Mesolecithal
3. Telolecithal
4. Holoblastic
5. Meroblastic
Definition
1. sparse, evenly distributed yolk (mammals)
2. moderate amount of yolk at one end (frogs)
3. mostly dense yolk, only a disc of cytoplasm (birds)
4. whole egg is cleaved (iso and meso)
5. only the cytoplasm is cleaved, yolk is too dense (telo)
Term
Define the following:

1. Amnion
2. Amniotes
3. Yolk sac
4. Allantois
5. Chorion
Definition
1. fluid filled membrane, prevents drying, shock absorber
2. reptiles, birds, mammals that have a amnionic membrane
3. provides nourishment
4. stores waste
5. exchanging gases with allantois
Term
Define the following:

1. Innate defense
2. Lysozyme
3. Inflammation
4. Vasodilation
5. Macrophage
6. Natural Killer cell
Definition
1. non specific defense
2. enzymes in saliva that kill bacteria
3. redness, pain, swelling, heat
4. expansion of blood vessels to allow more O2, nutrients to pass through
5. cells that eat invaders
6. cells that lyse invaders and kill them
Term
Define the following:

1. Acquired defense
2. Humeral response
3. Antigen
4. Antibody
5. Autoimmune disorder
6. Mono
Definition
1. specific defense system
2. antibody mediated response in liquids
3. anything that triggers an immune responses
4. proteins produced in response to antigens that bind to antigens
5. body attacks itself because its self recognition breaks down
6. virus damages B cell system
Term
Define the following:

1. B lymphocyte
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonization
Definition
1. primary WBC of antibody mediated immunity
2. antigen is slowed or inactivated
3. antigen is marked for destruction by phagocytes
Term
Define the following:

1. APCs
2. Allergy
3. Cytotoxic T cells
4. MHC proteins
Definition
1. antigen presenting cells
2. over sensitivity to certain antigens
3. WBCs of cell mediated immunity that destroys antigen
4. major histocompatibility complex, protein signals self to body
Term
Define the following:

1. interneuron
2. neuroglial cell
3. Schwann cell
4. astrocyte
5. ganglia
Definition
1. connect aff and eff neurons
2. support neurons
3. lay down insulating myelin sheath
4. store and provide nutrients and ions
5. bundle of cell bodies outside CNS
Term
Define the following:

1. node of Ranvier
2. synapse
3. neurotransmitter
Definition
1. nodes between sheathed regions that increase speed of impulse
2. gap between neurons
3. chemical that transmits impulse across a synapse
Term
Define the following:

1. medulla
2. cerebrum
3. hypothalamus
4. cerebellum
Definition
1. heart rate, breathing
2. higher mental activities
3. homeostatic control: thirst, hunger, body temp
4. equilibrium, posture, movement
Term
Define the following:

1. cochlea
2. saccule and utricle
3. semicircular canal
Definition
1. fluid filled canal with hairs that correspond to a particular frequency
2. controls static balance
3. control rotational acceleration
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