Term
Characteristics:
1.Multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes
2.Nutrients are ingested non absorbed
3.Glucose sugar Is stored as glycogen in both muscle tissue and in liver (plants – starch)
a.Amylase enzyme breaks down starch and glycogen
4.Muscle and nerve tissue
5.Most groups have organ systems
6.Development includes cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages
7.Some life cycles include a larval stage which changes to an adult by metamorphosis-a.Usually looks nothing like adult (caterpillar example) |
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Definition
Kingdom Animalia (metazoan)
Characteristics |
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Term
a.Hydrostatic – pressure of body fluid (jelly fishes, worm)
b.Exoskeleton – hard outer covering the muscles can work against for movement
c.Endoskeleton – hard internal parts |
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Definition
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Term
a.Symbiosis is an association between two organisms
b.Commensalism – one benefits, other is not harmed
c.Mutualism – both benefit
d.Parasitism – one benefits, one is harmed |
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Definition
| Symbiotic relationships – association between animals → fungi and plants |
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Term
| diplontic life cycle – dominate stage is diploid – gametes produced by meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Spermatogenesis is meiotic process that produces sperm |
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Definition
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Term
| Oogenesis – meiotic process that produces eggs |
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Definition
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Term
Kingdom Animalia (metazoan is divided into two sub-kingdoms:
i.Parazoa – lack true tissues (phylum Porifera) eusymetry
ii.Eumetazoa – have true tissues (all other phyla) |
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Definition
| Kingdom Animalia (metazoan is divided into two sub-kingdoms: |
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Term
Eumetazoa •Radiata – animals with radial symmetry
•The sense organs are spread around the body. These animals are sessil or slow moving
•The Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) sides are present but no head or tail |
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Definition
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Term
all eumetazoans have bilateral symmetry except adult echinoderms
•Bilateral symmetry allows for cephalization or the concentration of sense organs in the head
•These animals have anterior (front) and posterior (rear) ends in addition to a top and bottom
•Animals with bilateral symmetry are adapted for movement
Triploblastic |
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Definition
Eumetazoa
TWO PHYLA: Cnidaria (Jelly fish ect.) and Ctenophora (combjellies) |
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Term
| •the concentration of sense organs in the head |
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Definition
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Term
•Ectoderm – outer layer
•Endoderm – inner layer, lines the archenteron or primitive gut (endo – muscle tissue)
•Mesoderm – lies between the endoderm and ectoderm, forms muscles and many other tissues and organs |
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Definition
triploblastic
three germ layers appear |
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Term
After fertilization the zygote undergoes cleavage
•Cleavage – a series of rapid mitotic divisions with no growth during each cell cycle
•During cleavage the cell number increase, but the embryo does not increase in size
•Cleavage produces a ball of cells called blastula with a cavity called the blastocoel |
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Definition
| After fertilization the zygote undergoes cleavage |
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Term
| a series of rapid mitotic divisions with no growth during each cell cycle |
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Definition
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Term
•During gastrulation, part of the blastula walls pushes inward (invagination)
•The result is the formation of the archenteron or primitive gut
•The opening of the archenteron is called the blastopore
•The gastrula has two germ layers (diploblastic) the outer ectoderm and the endoderm which is the lining of the archenteron |
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Definition
| During gastrulation, part of the blastula walls pushes inward (invagination) |
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Term
•The mesoderm may then develop between the ectoderm and endoderm
•A coelom or body cavity may develop with the mesoderm
•Acoelomate – no body cavity
•Pseudocoelom – body cavity not completely lined with mesoderm
•True coelom – body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
•Animals with true coelom are called coelomates and have a peritoneum and mesenteries |
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Definition
| •The mesoderm may then develop between the ectoderm and endoderm |
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Term
| Acoelomate – no body cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Pseudocoelom – body cavity not completely lined with mesoderm |
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Definition
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Term
•True coelom – body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
•Animals with true coelom are called coelomates and have a peritoneum and mesenteries |
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Definition
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Term
Protostome characteristics: (mollusks, annelids, arthropods)
•The blastopore forms the mouth
•Cleavage is spiral and determinate |
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Definition
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Term
•Schizocoelous development of mesoderm and coelom
•Spiral - planes of division are NOT perpendicular or parallel to axis of embryo
•Determinate cleavage - what a cell will become in an adult IS determined during early stages of development |
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Definition
| Protostome characteristics: (mollusks, annelids, arthropods) |
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Term
•The blastopore forms the anus (one end of digestive tube)
•Cleavage is radial and indeterminate
•Enterocoelous development of mesoderm and coelom
•Radial cleavage-plans of division are perpendicular or parallel to axis of embryo
•Indeterminate cleavage= what a cell will become in an adult, is not determined during early stages of development |
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Definition
| Deuterostome characteristics: echinoderms, chordates) humans are deuterostomes |
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Term
| •development of the egg without fertilization |
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Definition
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Term
| a ring of ciliated tentacles for filter feeding |
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Definition
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Term
| excretory tubules with open ends |
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Definition
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Term
| having true blood which only moves in vessels (worm) |
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Definition
| Closed circulatory system |
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Term
| having hemolymph that bathes the tissues and collects in a hemocoel before it goes back into the heart (clam – osteum hole in heart, cray fish) |
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Definition
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Term
| having body parts that repeat |
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Definition
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Term
•Segmentation – having body parts that repeat
•Protostomes, arthopods, one group of molluscs (clade |
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Definition
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Term
| a ciliated top shaped larva found in marine mollusks and annelids |
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Definition
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Term
| organisms which are suspended in water and cannot swim against currents |
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Definition
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Term
Parasites attach a host
•Primary host – the sexual phase of the parasite occurs in this host
•Intermediate host – the asexual phase of the parasite occurs in this host or this host is in the food chain of primary host |
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Definition
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Term
| the sexual phase of the parasite occurs in this host |
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Definition
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Term
| the asexual phase of the parasite occurs in this host or this host is in the food chain of primary host |
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Definition
| Parasites Intermediate host |
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Term
1.The digestive system of the parasite is reduced and the reproductive system is highly developed
2.The parasite has hooks and suckers – to latch onto humans
3.The parasite has adaptations for coping with the digestive system and immune system of the host
4.The parasite is adapted to one specific host (host specific, evolutionary time to get around defenses of a specific host)
5.The parasite has a complex life cycle involving intermediate hosts |
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Definition
| Endoparasites (live in the host) |
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Term
1.These parasites have piercing and anchoring devices
2.These parasites produce large number of eggs
3.These parasites vector other parasites |
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Definition
| Ectoparasites (live on the surface of the host) – ticks, fleas, lyse, deer tick Lyme disease. |
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Term
1.These parasites trick other animals into caring for the young of the parasite (cowbird chick with other native birds, some recognize and some don’t)
2.All types of parasites tend to preserve the host for as long as possible |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
a.The exoskeleton provides support, protection movement and strength
b.The exoskeleton of all arthropods is composed of chitin and protein and must be shed by molting as the animal grows
c.Sensory antennae and compound eye for detecting stimuli
d.Wings have evolved without the loss of other appendages
e.Tracheal branching tubes for gas exchange in dry environment |
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Definition
| The insects are one of the most successful groups of animals for the following reasons: |
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Term
i.Every cell in queen body is diploid – fertile female
ii.Worker is also diploid – infertile female comes from fertilized egg
iii.Drone is haploid – fertile male – comes from unfertilized egg, haploid, mitosis produces haploid sperm cells (parthenogenesis)
1.Reproduction takes a lot of energy for the Queen. Queen and drone mate and workers feed larvae and queen. Exaptation = stinger. When you eat honey, it’s really bee spit. Why don’t you refrigerate honey? Sugar concentration in honey is so high that no bacterial or fungi cannot live. |
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Definition
| Complex social behavior provides for division of labor to save energy |
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Term
a.Metamorphosis allows for a dormant stage to survive harsh conditions
b.Complete metamorphosis: egg, larva (feeding-energy from environment), pupa (dormant), adult
c.Incomplete metamorphosis: egg, nymph, adult |
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Definition
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Term
| Collar cells – choanocytes |
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Definition
| Collar cells – choanocytes |
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Term
| Water vascular system – star fish |
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Definition
| Water vascular system – star fish |
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Term
| Closed circulatory and segmentation – annelids |
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Definition
| Closed circulatory and segmentation – annelids |
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