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| What are the two systems responsible fo coordination of homeostasis in vertebrate animals? |
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Definition
| Endocrine System & Nervous System |
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Definition
| Part of the Vertebrate brain. It regulates the pituitary gland, the autonomic system, emotional responses, body temperature, water balance and appetite. Located below the Thalamus Produces Oxytoxin & ADH |
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| A chemical messenger, often produced in one region of the body of a multicellular organism and transported to another region where it signals cells to alter some aspect of growth, development or metabolism. |
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Definition
| A gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood or tissue fluid instead of into the ducts. |
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| A gland that secretes its products through a duct that opens onto a free surface, such as the skin. |
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| A.A. Berthold removed and transplanted testes of young roosters and observed the affect on their comb development. |
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| William Bayliss & Ernest Starlin are known for what? |
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Definition
| They discovered the peptide hormone secretin & peristalsis of the intestines. |
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Term
| Antierior Pituitary Gland |
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Definition
Located under the Hypothalamus (anterior lobe of Pituitary Gland)
Secretes: Prolactin (mammary glands), Melanocyte-stimulating (appetite suppressor, energy/body weight regulator), Growth Hormone, and several tropic hormones (stimulate other endocrine glands) |
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| Posterior Pituitary Gland |
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Definition
Located under the Hypothalamus (posterior lobe of Pituitary Gland)
Secretes: Neurohormones produced by the Hypothalamus |
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Definition
| Located in front of the trachea, below the larynx Secretes: Thyroxine (T4)& Triiodothyronine (T3) Stimulates the rate of metabolism |
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Definition
Located on the back of the Thyroid Gland
Secretes: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium level in blood |
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Definition
Located in the abdomen
Secretes: Insulin & Glucagon from the islets of Langerhans
Beta cells are Insulin (lowers blood sugar concentration)
Alpha cells are Glucagon (raises blood sugar concentration) |
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Definition
Middle portion of the Adrenal Gland (located on each kidney)
Secretes: Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - increases heart rate, metabolic rate, strength of muscle contraction, fight/flight; Regulates nervous system |
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Definition
Outer portion of the Adrenal Gland (located on each kidney)
Secretes: Sex hormones: Androgens (male) & estrogens (female); Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone); Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Increases rate of sodium reabsorption & potassium excretion |
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Term
| Ovaries (including the Corpus Luteum) |
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Definition
In females only; located in the lower abdomen
Secretes: Oestrogen & Progesterone (regulates growth and development), and some testosterone (promote muscle & bone growth) |
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Definition
| In males only Secretes: Androgens & testosterone |
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Definition
| Located in the center of the brain Produces Melatonin - influences biological rhythms & onset of sexual maturity |
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Definition
| Anterior Pitutitary Gland Anabolic hormone which stimulates body growth (protein synthesis). Stimulates liver to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) (skeletal & general tissue growth) |
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
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Definition
| Anterior Pitutitary Gland (thyrotrope cells) Regluates the endocrine function of the Thyroid Gland |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| Anterior Pitutitary Gland Increase production & release of corticosteriods. Produced in response to biological threat. |
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| Follicile Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
Anterior Pitutitary Gland
Regulates development, growth & pubertal maturation & reproductive processes of the body. |
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Definition
Anterior Pitutitary Gland
In females - triggers ovulation & development of corpus leteum
In Males - stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. |
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Definition
Adrenal Medulla
Increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, dillates air passages, "fight or flight" |
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Definition
Ovaries (corpus luteum)
Growth & development |
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Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Prevents the production of dilute urine (antidiuretic) |
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Definition
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Stimmulation of mammary gland for milk production in mammals |
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Definition
Adrenal Gland
Primary function to increase blood sugar through glycogenolysis, suppress immune system, aid in fat/protein/carbohydrate metabolism. |
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Posterior Pituitary Gland
Stimulates contraction of uterus & ejection of milk |
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Definition
Thyroid gland
Stimulates the rate of metabolism |
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Definition
Ovaries (near corpus luteum)& Adrenal Glands
"pregnancy hormone" |
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Definition
Testes & Ovaries, adrenal glands
Development of male reproductive tissue
Also aids in development of bone, tissue and body hair |
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Definition
Pancreas
Regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism. |
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Definition
Pancreas
Raises blood sugar concentration. Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose. Stimulates production of glucose from other nutrients |
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Definition
Pineal Gland
influences biological rhthms & onset of sexual maturity |
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Definition
Adreanal Cortex
conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention & blood pressure. |
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Definition
Thyroid gland
Acts antagonistically to parathyroid hormone |
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Definition
Lack of GH (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
Slowed or lack of growth rate. |
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Definition
| Excess of GH(Anterior Pituitary Gland) during childhood, before bone growth plates have closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess of GH(Anterior Pituitary Gland)in adults. The body tissues gradually enlarge |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism (including exophthalmia) |
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Definition
| Excess secretion of (T3) & (T4). Increased metabolic rate by 60% or more.
Can lead to Grave's diseas (weight loss, high metabolism, irritability) |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism (including myxedema) |
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Definition
Under production of hormones by the Thyroid. Can cause obesity, joint pain, infertility & heart disease.
Myxedema - slowing down of physical & mental activity caused by almost no thyroid activity, BMR reduced by 40% |
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Definition
Either hypersecretion or hyposecretion of the Thyroid.
Causes abnormal enlargemnt of the Thyroid gland. |
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Definition
Deficiency of Thyroid Horomones from maternal hypothyroidism.
Severly stunted physical & mental growth. |
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Definition
Pancreas
Type 1:insulin deficiency/Type 2:insulin resistance
Decreased use of glucose (hyperglycemia), increased fat metabolism (ketoacidosis), increased protein use, dehydration |
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Definition
Adrenal Cortex - High levels of cortisol
Upper body obesity, thin arms & legs, Round/full face, Slow growth rate in children |
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Definition
Adrenal Cortex - under production of hormones
Blood pressure/heart rate, chronic diarhea, darker skin, xtreme weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, mouth lesions, nausea/vomiting, salt cravings, sluggish, weight loss |
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Term
| What 4 chemical groups are hormones assigned to? |
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Definition
| Fatty acid derivatives, Steroids, Amino acid derivatives, or peptides/proteins |
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