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BIOL 1306
Bio chapter 1
40
Biology
Undergraduate 2
02/07/2011

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Term
Evolution
Definition
process of change that has transformed life on earth from it's earlierst beginnings to the diversity of organisms living on earth today.
Term
Biology
Definition
scientific study of life
Term
How many themes are there? Name them.
Definition
Seven. 1. Evolution , 2. organisms interact with their environment exchanging matter and energy, 3. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. 4. Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function. 5. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. 6. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. 7. new properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy
Term
Explain evolution, biology's core theme
Definition
Life has been evolving for billions of years, resulting in a vast diversity of past and present organisms, ande many shared features as well.
Term
Explain: New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy. Name the different levels of biological organization.
Definition
From the microscopic level to the world as a whole. And from the world as a whole to the microscopic level.

1. Biosphere
2. Ecosystems
3. Communities
4. Populations
5. Organisms
6. Organs and Organ systems
7. Tissues
8. Cells
9. Organelles
10. Molecules
Term
What are emergent properties?
Definition
properties present at one level that aren't present at another.
Term
what is Systems Biology?
Definition
An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems.
Term
Organisms interact witht heir environments, exchanging matter and energy
Definition
Organisms both take energy from the environment, and give it back in some form or another
Term
What does ecosystem dynamics involve?
Definition
The cycling of nutrients and one way flow of energy from sunlight to producers to consumers.
Term
What is energy conversion?
Definition
Transfer of one type of energy to another.
Term
Explain: Structure and function are correlated at all levels of the organization
Definition
How a device works is correlated with it's structure.
Term
Whats a Eukaryotic cell?
Definition
type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungii, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Term
Prokaryotic cell
Definition
A type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.
Term
DNA
Definition
(deoxyribonucleic acid). It's the substance of genes.
Term
Gene
Definition
unit of inheritance that transmits information from parents to offspring
Term
Genome
Definition
the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism gets
Term
What are two useful systems for the molecular level of systems biology. Explain.
Definition
"high thoroughput technology" (tools that can analyze data rapidly and output high amounts of technology) and "bioinformatics" (use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-thoroughput methods.
Term
Explain: feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
Definition
supply-demand economics of energy. When you exercise, your muscle cells increase consumption of sugar molecules. When you rest, surplus sugar is converted to storage.
Term
What is negative feedback?
Definition
accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process. (if you have too much of something, make less)
Term
positive feedback
Definition
end product of a process speeds up it's production. (if you have a lot of something, you need more)
Term
What are the three domains of life?
Definition
Domain bacteria, domain archaea, and domain eukarya
Term
what is domain bacteria
Definition
diverse, widespread, prokaryotic. Divided upon multiple kingdoms
Term
What is domain eukarya?
Definition
all eukaryotic chromosomes (plants, fungi, animals)
Term
archaea
Definition
live in extreme environments. Prokaryotic organisms.
Term
Theory of natural selection
Definition
1. Contemporary species rose from a succession of ancestors.

2. Indivuduals within a population vary in their traits (many of which seem to be heritable, a population produces much more offspring than will survive, and species generally suit their environments.

3. Individuals with inherited traits that are best suited for the natural environment are more likely to reproduce and survive than less fit indivuduals.
Term
diagrams of evolutionary relationships are usually in
Definition
treelike form
Term
inquiry
Definition
search for information and explaination.
Term
DISCOVERY SCIENCE
Definition
describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data.
Term
Data
Definition
recorded observations
Term
Induction
Definition
deriving genrealizations from a large number of specific observations
Term
hypothesis
Definition
proposing and testing of hypothetical situations.
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
opposite flows in opposite direction, from general to specific. (If all organisms are made from cells, and humans are organisms, then humans are made from cells)
Term
Hypothesis must be
Definition
testible and falsifyable.
Term
experiments must be designated to demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups that differ by _________.
Definition
That one variable.
Term
Why cant science test supernatural phenomena?
Definition
hypothesis must be testible and falsifiable and observations/results must be repeatable.
Term
A scientific theory is _____ in scopw, generates new __________, and is supported by a large body of _______.
Definition
broad, hypothesis, evidence
Term
______ of ideas, structures, and processes help us understand scientific phenomena and make predictions
Definition
Models
Term
Science is a ______ activity characterized by ______ and _____/
Definition
social, cooperation, competition
Term
What is Technology?
Definition
A method or device that applies scientific knowledge for some specific purpose.
Term
What is a controlled experiment?
Definition
compares an experimental group with a control group.
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