Term
An Inducer is:
-a protein that turns on a gene
-a molecule that binds to a repressor
-a transcriptional activator
-an upstream part of an operon
-all of the above |
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Definition
| a molecule that binds to a repressor |
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Term
Which is NOT a eukaryotic gene regulation method?
-Chromatin methylation
-mRNA degradation
-Transcription factor binding to enhancer
-Alternative mRNA splicing
-Repressor binding to operator |
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Definition
| Repressor binding to operator |
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Term
| What provides some evidence that rna evolved before dna? |
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Definition
| Dna polymerase needs a primer made of RNA |
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Term
Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to rna polymerase?
-The protein product of the promoter
-Start and stop codons
-Ribosomes and tRNA
-Transcription factors
-Aminoacyl synthetase |
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Definition
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Term
What is a ribozyme?
-An enzyme that uses rna as a substrate
-An rna with enzymatic activity
-An enzyme that catalyzes the association of small and large ribosomal subunits
-An enzyme that synthesizes rna
-None of the above |
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Definition
| An rna with enzymatic activity |
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Term
What is the function of GTP in translation?
-Gtp energizes the formation of the initiation comples
-Provides phosphate groups for trna
-Provides energy for making peptide bonds
-Supplies phosphates to atp for energy
-Gtp is not used in translation |
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Definition
| Provides energy for making peptide bonds |
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Term
The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is:
-Permanently turned on
-Turned on only when tryptophan is present
-Turned off only when lactose is present
-Turned on only when the trp repressor is present
-Turned off when tryptophan is present |
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Definition
| Turned off when tryptophan is present |
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Term
Genomic imprinting, dna methylation, and histone acetylation are examples of
-Genetic mutations
-Chromosomal rearrangements
-Karyotypes
-Epigenetic phenomena
-Translocation |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is most likely to have a protein called ubiquitin attached to it
-A cyclin that usually acts in G1, now that the cell is in g2
-A cell surface protein that requires transport form the ER
-An mrna that is leaving the nucleus to be translated
-A protein being targeted to the mitochondrion
-All of the above |
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Definition
| A cyclin that usually acts in G1, now that the cell is in g2 |
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Term
Tumor suppressor genes...
-Are frequently overexpressed in cancer cells
-Are cancer causing genes that must be suppressed
-Often encode proteins that promote dna repair
-Often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle
-All of the above |
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Definition
| Often encode proteins that promote dna repair |
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Term
If you inject large amounts of the bicoid gene product into the posterior end of a drosophila embryo, which of the following would probably occur?
-The embryo would grow to an unusually large size
-The embryo would grow extra wings and legs
-The embryo would show no anterior development and die
-The embryo would start to develop two heads and die
-The embryo would develop normally |
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Definition
| The embryo would start to develop two heads and die |
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Term
Which of the following is characteristic of a viral/phage lytic cycle?
-Many cells containing viral dna are produced
-Viral dna is incorporated into the host genome
-The viral genome is replicated and stored within the host
-A large number of viruses/phages are released from the cell
-The host suppresses the viral replication |
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Definition
| A large number of viruses/phages are released from the cell |
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Term
Which viruses have single stranded rna that acts as a template for dna synthesis?
-Lytic phages
-Proviruses
-Viroids
-Bacteriophages
-Retroviruses |
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Definition
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Term
Why are bacterial genomes so much smaller than eukaryotic genomes?
-Bacteria have no nucleus
-Bacteria have little or no non-coding dna
-Bacteria cells do not differentiate like eukaryotic cells
-Bacterial species are more related to each other
-Bacterial genomes are not smaller than eukaryotic genomes |
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Definition
| Bacteria have little or no non-coding dna |
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Term
Transposable elements:
-Could damage existing genes
-Could be responsible for lots or repetitive dna
-Could contribute to species evolution
-Could jump from one chromosome to a totally different chromosome
-All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The amount of coding DNA per haploid genome in humans is about:
-3 billion bases
-300 million bases
-45 million bases
-6.4 million bases
-6.4 billion bases |
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Definition
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Term
Release of insulin after a meal is an example of
-paracrine response
-an endocrine response
-quorum sensing
-cell to cell recognition
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
In membrane receptor mediated signal transduction, what is being transmitted from the outside to the inside of the cell?
-Small molecules
-Signaling molecules
-Receptor proteins
-Enzymes
-information |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not true about GPSRs?
-They are the targets of many prescription drugs
-They activate up to 10 signal pathways at a time
-They must interact with a g protein to transmit signal
-They are integral membrane proteins
-All of the above are true |
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Definition
| They activate up to 10 signal pathways at a time |
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Term
Second messenger molecules are:
-Usually small and water soluble
-Usually are enzymatically made and degraded
-Act inside the cell but not outside the cell
-Act in the relay/transduction part of the pathway, but not the reception part
-All of the above |
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Definition
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