Term
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Definition
| the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data |
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Definition
| the project to map the human genome |
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Term
| the three stages of the human genome project |
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Definition
- genetic (or linkage) mapping
- physical mapping
- dna sequencing
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Term
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Definition
| maps the location of several thousand genetic markers on each chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene or other identifiable dna sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses the distance between genetic markers, usually as a number of base pairs along the dna. |
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Term
| how do you make a physical map? |
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Definition
| by cutting a dna molecule into many short fragments and arranging them in order by identifying overlaps |
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Term
| how many base pairs are in a complete hapliod set of human chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| who developed the shotgun approach and when? |
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Definition
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Term
| explain whole-genome shotgun approach |
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Definition
| this approach skips genetic and physical mapping an dsequences random dna fragments directly using powerful computer programs to order fragments into a continuous sequence |
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Term
| what are the three sources that were mentioned that provide bioinformatics resources? |
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Definition
- the national center for biotechnology (ncbi) created by the national library of medicine and the national institutes of health
- the european molecular biology laboratory
- the dna data bank of japan
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Term
| how often does genback double its data? |
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Definition
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Term
| genbank software allows visitors to... (3) |
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Definition
search genbank for matches to:
- a specific dna sequence
- a predicted protein sequence
- common stretches of amino acids in a protein
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Term
| comparison of sequences of new genes with those of __ genes in other species may help __ new genes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the systemcatic study of all proteins encoded by a genome |
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Term
| __, not genes, carry out most of the activities of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| medical applications of systems biology approach |
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Definition
- the cancer genome atlas project is currently monitoring 2,00 genes in cancer cells for changes due to mutations and rearrangements
- treatment of cancers and other diseases can be individually tailored following analysis of gene expression patterns in a patient
- in future, dna sequencing may highlight diseases to which an individual is predisposed
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Term
| genomes of most bacteria and archea range from this number |
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Definition
| 1 to 6 million base pairs |
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Term
| most plants and animals have genomes greater than this number and humans have this many mb |
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Definition
| 100 million base pairs. humans have 3,200 million mb |
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Term
| within each domain there is no systematic relationship between __ size and __ |
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Definition
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Term
| the __ of genes is not corrleated to __ size |
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Definition
| gene number is not correlated to genome size |
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Term
| why can vertebrate genomes produce more than one polypeptide per gene? |
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Definition
| because of alternative splicing of rna transcripts |
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Term
| humans and other mammals have the __est gene density in a given length of dna |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sequencing of the human genome reveals that 98.5% does not code for __, __, or __ |
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Definition
| proteins, rrnas, or trnas |
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Term
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Definition
| former genes that have accumulated mutations and are nonfunctional |
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Term
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Definition
| present in multiple copies in the genome |
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Term
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Definition
| sequences of dna that can move around the genome of a single cell, a process called transposition. in this process they can cause mutations and change the amount of dna in a genome |
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Term
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Definition
| elements that can move within a genome using a dna intermediate |
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Term
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Definition
| elements that can move within a cell by using an rna as an intermediate |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of retrotransposon that has a low rate of transposition and may help regulate gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
| contains many short copies of tandemly repeated short sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| short tandem repeat, a series of repeating units of 2 to 5 nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| collections of identical or very simlar genes |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the evolution of developmental processes in multicellular organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a 180 nucleotide sequence within homeotic genes and some other developmental genes that is widely conserved in animals. related sequences occur in plants and yeasts |
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Term
| plant equvalent of hox genes in animals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| homeotic genes in animals |
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