Term
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Definition
| Programmed death cell: What happens to normal cells that are damaged or not functioning properly. If immune system does not "get" them, they will kill themselves. |
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Term
| Describe normal cell division (4 pts) |
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Definition
1.)one cell sends a signaling molecule to another cell
2.) signaling molecule binds to receptor on target cell
3.)Receptor sends cyclin proteins to nucleus
4.) Cell divided by mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| cell division that makes more body cells.The body cells are identical to body cells they came from. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitosis makes dipload cells |
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Term
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Definition
| How we make reproductive cells (as opposed to body cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Meiosis makes haploid cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Proteins that build up and when they reach a certain threshold start mitosis.
(Involved in control of cell division) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mitosis promoting factor. Protein that initiates mitosis eukaryotes.(Involved in control of cell division) |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes that are involved in starting mitosis. (Involved in control of cell division) |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a mutated proto-oncogene that cannot control cell division. Cancer genes. |
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Term
| What are Tumor suppressor Genes |
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Definition
| Make proteins that stop cell division and kill cells. |
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Term
| What are BRCA1 and BRCA2: |
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Definition
| Breast cancer alleles. Increase risk of breast cancer in males and females. Increases risk of prostate and testicular cancers in males. |
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Term
| How do cells lose control of cell division |
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Definition
| Mutation in the genes that control cell division (mutagens/carcinogens) |
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Term
| What is a tumor? (Neoplasm) |
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Definition
| abnormal growth of tissue. Does not have to be cancerous. |
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Term
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Definition
| Harmless tumors that do not spread to other tissues. Examples: warts, moles. |
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Term
| What is a Uterine fibroad |
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Definition
| Non cancerous tumor of the uterus. Most common benign tumor in women. |
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Term
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Definition
| A closed sac w/ a membrane around it (fluid or air filled). |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of pus (dead white blood cells) |
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Term
| What is cancer (Malignant tumor) |
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Definition
| Aggressive tumors that divide rapidly and spread to other cells and tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three characteristics of cancer |
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Definition
1.) Cells Divide and grow abnormally
2.) rely on glycolysis for ATP. all energy is devoted to cell division.
3.) Metastasis: When cancer cells spread to other parts of the body. Rough cell surface. Cells don't stick together well. -Travel through interstitial fluid to other body parts and form new tumors. |
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Term
| What % of Americans will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A type of cancer that originates in lymphocytes (usually in lymph nodes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancer of the blood cells (usually white blood cells) or bone marrow |
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Term
| What is skin cancer: BASAL CELL CARCINOMA |
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Definition
| Slow growing and most common type of skin cancer |
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Term
| what is Skin Cancer: Malignant melanoma |
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Definition
| an aggressive cancer of melanocytes (skin pigment cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common cancer worldwide. Leading cause is cigarette smoke. About 20% of lung cancer cases are related to second-hand smoke. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common cancer among women. US women have highest rate in the wold. Small, hard, bumpy surfaced lump. Often no pain associated with early stages. |
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Term
| What is a Non-cancerous breast lump (What 3 kinds)... C/F/P |
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Definition
Cysts: squishy (can move and change size during menstrual cycle).
Fibroadenomas: Round with smooth surface (hard or soft)
pseudolumps: Many causes, symptoms: get checked to be sure (e.g. dead fat tissue or rib pushing on breast tissue). |
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Term
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Definition
| Squishy (can move + change size during during menstrual cycle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibroadenomas: Round with smooth surface (hard or soft) |
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Term
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Definition
| pseudolumps: Many causes, symptoms: get checked to be sure (e.g. dead fat tissue or rib pushi |
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Term
| Can men get breast cancer? How likely? |
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Definition
| Yes, but 100 times less common in men |
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Term
| What are some factors (5) that might increase risk of breast cancer? |
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Definition
A.) Genetics (family history)
B.) Cigarette smoke (secondhand too)
C.) Alcohol abuse
D.) Obesity
E.) Abnormal circadian rhythm |
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Term
| G-CS-AA-O-ACR (5 factors inc. cancer risk) |
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Definition
Genetic (Fam his)
Cig Smoke (secondhand 2)
Alc Abuse
Obesity
Abnormal Circadian Rhythm |
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Term
| What are factors REDUCING risk of breast cancer: |
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Definition
Lower Age @ 1st childbirth (<24 yo)
Having more children (7% less risk/child
Breastfeeding (%4 less risk/year of feed
Mastectomy=Removal of 1or2 breasts
Oophorectomy=Removal of ovaries. Hysterectomy=removal of all/part of uterus |
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Term
| What is treatment to remove one or both testes called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most common cancer among men. Nearly all men develop this if live long enough. after age 45 reg checkups=good idea. |
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Term
Cancer Treatments:
IS-S-R-C |
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Definition
Immune System:
Surgery:
Radiation:
ChemoTherapy: |
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Term
| How does the immune system treat cancer? |
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Definition
| Macrophages and NKC's: can recognize and destroy cancer cells. Cancer VACCINATION: Uses antigens specific to cancer cells. |
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Term
| Discuss/explain cancer Surgery (treatment) |
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Definition
| Removes cancer cells but ineffective if cancer has metastasized. |
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Term
| What is radiation? (treatment) |
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Definition
| -Stops mitosis so good against cancer cells but damages other cells too. Ineffective if metastasis has occcured |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancer treatment that relies on a wide range of drugs (chemical therapy). Drugs find and destroy cancer cells or prevent formation of supportive tissue (capillaries), which should help kill cancer cells. |
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