Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bioinformatics
122
45
Computer Science
Undergraduate 3
12/03/2013

Additional Computer Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Search engines
Definition
are special types of software or web sites that are designed to help people find information stored in databases or web sites.
Term
Ways search engines work
Definition
they search the internet, they make an index of the words, they allow users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index.
Term
How spiders work
Definition
starting points are lists of heavily used servers and very popular pages, the spider will begin with a popular site, indexing the words on its pages and following every link found within the site, the spider quickly begins to travel, spreading out across the most widely used portions of the Web.
Term
2 versions of Entrez System
Definition
networked entrez (works locally on user’s workstations), web version of entrez (accessible through the web browser)
Term
Networked
Definition
advantages-faster disadvantages- data outside not available
Term
Web based
Definition
advantages- outside data available by clicking hyperlink disadvantages- slower
Term
The search
Definition
sequence of words in non-quoted phrase is ignored and treated as Boolean,
Term
Quoted phrases
Definition
words must be in that order-limiting word order narrows search
Term
Advanced Search features
Definition
Boolean operators, date limits, author limits, language limits, file format limits, limit search to specific databases
Term
Evaluating the credibility of Search results
Definition
author, objectivity, quality, and appearance
Term
Intelligent agents
Definition
search engines with advanced pattern-matching capabilities used when vocabulary may not be consistent
Term
Concept searches
Definition
search based on concept of key words-not just words themselves
Term
Portals
Definition
pre-linked gateways to databases selected by the portal designer
Term
Utilities
Definition
used to extend the functionality of browsers- add to existing software
Term
Browser extensions
Definition
enhance browser features, auto form-filling, searching within a document, dictionary tools, visual preview of web pages, favorites
Term
Data visualization
Definition
a way of displaying data that is visually simple and easy to interpret
Term
Areas in need of data visualization
Definition
sequence visualization, user interface development, protein structure visualization, compliment to numeral analysis, statistical analysis.
Term
Primary activity of structural visualization
Definition
visualizing 3-D structure of proteins
Term
User Interface
Definition
hides intricacies of hardware and software, presents users with images, sounds and graphics, determines density of information that can be presented to a user, is a bandwidth-limiting element in delivery of data
Term
4 basic components of User Interface
Definition
physical user interface, graphical user interface, logical user interface, intelligent user interface
Term
Physical user interface
Definition
concerned with physical input and physical output such as: monitors, haptic controls, speech synthesizers, complex mechanisms
Term
Monitors
Definition
CRT or LCD have differing qualities for 3D effects
Term
Haptic Controls
Definition
mouse, joystick or other controller with computer-mediated tactile responses
Term
Graphical User Interface
Definition
represents everything displayed on a computer monitor
Term
Logical User Interface
Definition
Rules, guidelines and standards of interface behavior, such as how an interface should display the image of a molecule
Term
Intelligent User Interface
Definition
relies on a variety of pattern-recognition techniques to adapt to the user’s behavior
Term
Intelligent Agents
Definition
Independent programs capable of completing complex assignments without intervention
Term
Visualization tools
Definition
static graphics, animation, and simulation
Term
Static graphics
Definition
unchanging pictures-uses fixed data
Term
Animation
Definition
displays pre-computed data that can be accessed and analyzed as needed to illustrate certain findings or relationships-uses fixed data
Term
Simulations
Definition
dynamic computational interaction of user with a program that reevaluates the underlying data and renders the results- uses dynamic data
Term
Data mining
Definition
data processing using sophisticated data search capabilities and statistical algorithms to discover patterns and correlations in large preexisting databases
Term
Data mining (2)
Definition
Analysis of data in a database using tools which look for trends or anomalies without knowledge of the meaning of the data. Data mining was invented by IBM who hold some related parents
Term
Biological databases
Definition
hold enormous amounts of data, they are only useful when data is categorized
Term
Creator and user of database
Definition
mush share an understanding of the organizational theme
Term
Iterative (repetitive) process
Definition
in which processes are modified to support new hypotheses suggested by data
Term
Data mining is not
Definition
an endpoint
Term
Data mining is
Definition
one step in an overall knowledge-discovery process
Term
1. Selection and sampling (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
researchers generally rely on their knowledge of biology to identify valuable relationships and limit sampling accordingly
Term
2. Preprocessing and Cleaning (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
a) Data characterization b) consistency analysis c) Domain analysis d) Data enrichment e) frequency and distribution analysis f) Normalization g) Missing value analysis
Term
3. Transformation and Reduction (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
Data sets are reduced to minimum size through sampling or summary statistics
Term
4. Data mining methods (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
a) classification b) regression c) link analysis d) deviation detection e) segmentation
Term
5. Evaluation (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
patterns identified by data mining analysis are interpreted
Term
6. Visualization (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
converts tabular listing of data summaries to pie charts and graphics
Term
7. Designing New Queries (Knowledge-Discovery)
Definition
testing new hypothesis suggested by data returned by the data mining process, requires formulating new queries and returning to the selection and sampling stage
Supporting users have an ad free experience!