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| Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture. One of the most highly selected crop plants is |
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| Natural selection is a process that results in a historical record called |
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| ______ ______ is a term used to describe an evolutionary event in qhich darker individuals come to predominate over lighter individuals as a result of increased air pollution and the process of natural selection by predators |
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| Natural selection varies the shape of the beaks among Darwin's finches in response |
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| to the available food supply |
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| A technique used in dating a rock can be used to accurately predict the age of the fossils occurring in the rocks. This technique involves |
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| radioactive isotope decay |
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| The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is |
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| Domestication of dogs has led to |
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| Industrial melanism is a term describing |
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| the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection |
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| The evidence for industrial melanism as being due to an increase in the dark allele was provided from field tests carried out by |
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| The shape of the beaks of Darwin's finches, industrial melanism, and sickle-cell disease are often cited as examples of the process of ____________ leading to evolutionary change |
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| can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives |
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| The phenomenon where one species diverges into many by occupying a series of different habitats within a region is called |
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| Darwin concluded that evolution was at work by studying the shapes of |
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| Evidence for evolution includes all of the following except |
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| Evidence for evolution can be obtained by examining presently existing species through studies on each of the following except one. Select the exception |
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| Progressive changes in fossils of different ages provides one of the strongest lines of evidence for |
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| Structures that are derived from the same body part in a common ancestor but may have different appearances and functions are called |
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| Many organisms possess structures that have no apparent function, but they resemble structures of presumed ancestors. This is the study of |
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| The observation that different geographical areas sometimes exhibit plant and animal communities of similar appearance, even though the individual plants and animals are not closely related, is called |
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| The model that assumes that evolution proceeds with slow successive change in a given evolutionary line is referred to as |
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| The type of speciation that geographically isolates populations and results in the divergence of distinct species is called _________________ speciation |
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| Which of the following features of ancient horses is not an adaption for living on open grasslands? |
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| The side toes of a horse, the pelvis of the whale, and the human appendix are all examples of |
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| A type of isolating mechanism that leads to reproductive isolation by preventing the formation of hybrid zygotes is called _________________ isolating mechanism |
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| A type of isolating mechanism that leads to reproductive isolation after a hybrid zygote has formed is called _______________ isolating mechanism |
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| Which one of the following is not an example of a reproductive isolating mechanism |
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| The basic unit of evolution is the |
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| The distinctive role of a species in nature is its |
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| Two groups of organisms that differ from one another in one or more characteristics and do not hybridize extensively if they occur together in nature are considered to be different |
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| The model proposed by Eldridge and Gould for the formation of species is called the _______________________ model |
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| Which of the following statements describe the assumptions of the gradualism model? |
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| Evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods in where there is little evolutionary change |
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| If populations within a common area split into species, the process is known as |
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| Natural selection promotes speciation by all of the follwoing except |
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| To ensure that individuals mate with their own species a variety of communication cues have evolved. Select the exception. |
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| Once species have formed, they keep their identity by |
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| Many species might coexist in a particular environment by occupying different areas called |
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| All of the following are examples of prezygotic isolating mechanisms except |
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| Prezygotic mechanisms lead to reproductive isolation by preventing the formation of |
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| All of the following are examples of prezygotic isolating mechanisms except |
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| One of the main isolating mechanisms among hundreds of species of Drosophilia in Hawaii appears to be |
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| Which one of the following could not apply to a postzygotic isolating mechanism? |
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| The biological species concept proposed by Ernst Mayr emphasizes all of the following except |
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| hybridization between different species |
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| Sympatric speciation can involve all of the following except |
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Definition
| two or more populations separated by a geographic barrier |
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| The biologica species concept of Ernst Mayr can be applied to all of the following except |
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| Which of the following phrases is not an essential part of the biological species concept |
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| Which of the following is true about speciation on island archipelagos |
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| most speciation occurs allopatrically |
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| The isolating mechanism that prevents hybridization between horses and donkeys is |
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| Adaptive radiation is olikely to produce several to many |
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| A classical example of adaptive radiation is seen in |
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| Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria. Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when |
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| predatory fish were added |
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| a body part on an animal that, in the past had a use, but now is essentially useless |
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| study of the geographic distribution of species |
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| species that live in the same area |
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| "groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups |
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| biological species concept |
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| populations whose members do not mate with each other or who cannot produce fertile offspring are |
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| barriers that prevent genetic exchange between species |
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| reproductive isolating mechanisms |
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| a barrier mechanism that prevents the proper functioning of zygotes |
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| prezygotic isolating mechanisms |
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| barrier mechanism that prevent proper functioning of zygotes after they form |
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| postzygotic isolating mechanisms |
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| chemical signals that are sent between two animals |
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| process that produces individual that have more than two sets of chromosomes |
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| polyploidy process where all of the chromosomes may arise from a single species |
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| polyploidy process that may happen when two species hybridize |
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| when natural selection in each species favors those individuals that use resources not used by the other species |
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| when a new trait evolves within a species allowing it to use resources or other aspects of the environment that were previously inaccessible |
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| when a species evolves from a common ancestor by adapting to different parts of the environment |
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