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Definition
| Sexually reproducing organisms that share one diagnostic feature that is absent in other organisms. |
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| Group of organims that interbreed. |
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| 3 Hierarchies used in Biogeography |
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Definition
| Taxonomic, Ecological and Trophic |
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| Direct ancestor-descendent relationship tracable in fossil record. |
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Definition
| How organisms interact with others and the environment (individual, population, community....) |
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| All populations of organisms that live and interact within a prescribed area. |
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| Subset of a communit (ex. Fen plant species) |
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| Groups of animal species that have similar forms, habitat and resource requirements. |
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| Relationship between community species and the physical factors of the environment, especially flows of energy and matter through the system. |
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Definition
| Large areas of the earth's surface with similar climate and vegetation. |
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| Factors that determine the distribution of Biomes. |
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Definition
| Temperature and precipitation. |
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| Global distribution of precipitation controlled by... |
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Definition
| Surface conditions and atmospheric circulation patterns. |
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Definition
| Trees with shrub morphology |
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| 3 plant adaptations to tundra biome |
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Definition
| Low stature and cusion form, heliotrophic flowers, perennial growth. |
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| Factors that control the distribution of organisms. |
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Definition
| Light, temperature and moisture. |
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Definition
| Flow of energy through ecosystems. |
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| Percentage of incoming energy that fuels the biosphere |
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Definition
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| Typical number of trophic levels. |
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Definition
| Abiotic things and organism must assimilate. (Eg. water) |
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Definition
| Abiotic parameter that are not consumed, but determine the physical or chemical limits within which an organism can live (salinity, pH) |
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| Factors controlling broad distributions. |
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Definition
| Temperature, moisture and light. |
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Term
| Factors controlling local distributions. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Liebig (1840). Success of an organism is determined by the one crucial environmental ingredient in short supply. Growth is reduced when in short supply, death from absence. |
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Definition
| Photosynthetically active radiation. Radiation used for photosynthesis (visible spectrum). |
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Definition
| Grow best in full sunlight. |
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| Synthetic science that studies the distribution of other organisms |
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Definition
| Distant regions with similar climate have different animal species. |
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Definition
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| Tundra ground cover vegetation type |
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Definition
| sedges, grasses, herbs and mosses |
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Term
| 3 plant adaptations to Tundra biome |
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Definition
| Low statue (cushion form), Heliotrophic flowers, perennial growth. |
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Term
| Boreal Forest canopy vegetation type. |
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Definition
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Term
| Boreal Forest shrub layer vegetation type |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 plant adaptations to fire |
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Definition
| Underground tissues, thick bark and serotinous cones |
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Term
| C3 most advantageous under what conditions? |
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Definition
| Low light intensity and low temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Release of CO2 without photosynthetic production. C3 plants susceptible to this under high heat and light. |
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Term
| C4 plants best adapted to what conditions? |
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Definition
| High light intensity and high temperature. |
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Term
| CAM plants best adapted to what conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what latitude are C3 and C4 equally advantageous? |
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Definition
| 45 degrees North. Below that, C4 superior. Above that, C3 superior. |
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Term
| Life history trait of shade tolerant plant. |
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Definition
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Term
| Life history trait of plants in high light conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plant strategies to deal with cold temperatures (5) |
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Definition
| Dormancy, supercooling, decreased cellular water content , forst hardening and leaf hairs. |
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Term
| Animal adaptations to warm temperatures. (4) |
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Definition
| Decreased metabolic rate, avoidance, color changes, increased surface area. |
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Term
| Animal adaptations to cool temperatures. |
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Definition
| Increased metabolic rate, avoidance, dormancy and insulation. |
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Term
| 3 coping strategies for plants in dry conditions. |
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Definition
| Water stress escapees, avoiders and tolerators. |
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Term
| Local causes of precipitation (3) |
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Definition
| Convective, frontal and orographic |
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Term
| Lotka-Volterra model for prey |
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Definition
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| Lotka-Volterra model for predators |
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Definition
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Definition
| Species that have a greater influence on the composition of an ecosytem than would be expected based on their biomass. |
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Definition
| The release of chemical to inhibit other species (interference competition) |
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Definition
| Using tree rings to analyze temporal and spatial patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardwoods deposit larger pores in spring, smaller ones in summer. Good for analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardwoods lay vessels down uniformly. Tropical, hard to analyze. |
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Term
| 5 benefits of tree-ring analysis. |
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Definition
| Annual resolution, absolute dating, longevity, spatial distribution and low cost. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment inputs that originate within the lake |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment inputs that originate outside the lake |
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Term
| 3 uses of fire scars in dendropyrochronology. |
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Definition
| When fire occured (year), year of tree establishment after big fire, dating growth patterns after fire. |
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Term
| 2 tree features used to date events in dendrogeomorphology. |
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Definition
| Reaction wood and shear scars. |
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Term
| 4 tree ring signatures that indicate insect outbreaks. |
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Definition
| Growth reduction, growth release, death dates and residual signatures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Doubling of the ring-width over a ten-year period. |
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Term
| 3 types of responses of terrestrial vegetation to fire effects. |
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Definition
| Fire intolerant, fire tolerant and fire resistant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly flammable and completely destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resprouters - able to withstant some form of fire and grow despite some damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suffer little damage from fires. |
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Term
| 3 factors governing rates of fire spread and intensity. |
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Definition
| Flammable vegetation, homogenous topography and strong winds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regrowth of foliage from trunks and branches following a fire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in structure/function of an ecosystem without loss of biomass or initiation of succession. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of disturbance that an ecosystem could withstand without changing self-organized processes and structures. |
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Term
| Resilience depends on 2 factors... |
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Definition
| Size of disturbance and stability of the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Directional change in ecosystem structure and function. |
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