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| shorter limbs and appendages in colder climates |
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| darker colors in more humid areas |
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| w/ in species body mass increases w/ latitude and colder climates |
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| Prior to Darwin's 'origin of species' no one had recognized that species change over time t/f |
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| Not all evolutionary change (considering the strict definition of evolution) leads to speciation t/f |
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| Genes define particular traits in an organism, but alleles determine how that trait is specifically expressed in an individual t/f |
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| What is the best scientific estimate currently available for the age of the Earth |
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| List two types of isolation that prevent two organisms from interbreeding and that would likely lead to them being classified as seperate species |
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Which of following is not imp factor for nat selec to occur?
1. Variation of traits among idv 's that affect reproductive sucess
2.Variations influencing reproductive success must be heritable.
3.Mating must be random among the idv w/in a pop.
4. Differential repro/survival among indv w/ diff traits. |
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| 3. Mating doesn't have to be random among indv in pop. |
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Which condition is not imp to genetic equilibrium.
1.muations are common
2. extremely large pop
3. population is geographically and repro iso
4.mating is random |
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| 1. mutations do not necessary |
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| if 2 pop are linked by migration of individuals between them then |
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| it is unlikely that they will diverge to form two seperate species |
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| has larger effect on smaller populations |
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| moving to one extreme or the other |
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| organisms living near the margins of their geographic range, where conditions for survival might not be optimal are prevented from adapting to these conditions primarily due to |
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| The size of a population is reletively unimportant when it comes to evolutionary change due to natural selection t/f |
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| what evolution mechanism would be most likely responsible for any shift in the make up of the seal population's coloration? |
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| considering allopatric speciation due to the founder events versus allopatric speciation due to vicariant events... |
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| vicariant events typically lead to speciation in a large set of different, unrelated species simultaneously |
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| althought more rare then allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation has been shown to occur in some populations. what is important factor |
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| ecological differentiation |
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| the fact that no two organisms can occupy the same niche successfully in a community is a statement of which general ecological principal? |
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| list one limit and benifit of being a euryphagous predator with respect to feeding |
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limitation: waste energy in the search for food.
benifit: can eat a wide variety of food, food source doesn't go extinct |
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| predators can be responsible for driving prey populations to extinction if the predator has been introduced from another area, but not usually under natural conditions t/f |
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| a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc |
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| he wrote that a species is not just a group of morphologically similar individuals, but a group that can breed only among themselves, excluding all others |
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| a tree diagram used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships |
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| allele, allelomorph ((genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character) "some alleles are dominant over others" |
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| The Hardy–Weinberg principle states that both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant—that is, they are in equilibrium |
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| evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies |
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| evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups |
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| survival: a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment |
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| change in the relative frequency in which a gene variant (allele) occurs in a population due to random sampling and chance: |
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| loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population |
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| an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing. |
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| Allopatric and allopatry are terms from biogeography, referring to organisms whose ranges are entirely separate, so that they do not occur in any one place together. |
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| In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places |
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| "For an evolutionary system, continuing development is needed just in order to maintain its fitness relative to the systems it is co-evolving with |
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| the development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches |
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| The evolution of organisms of two or more species in which each adapts to changes in the other |
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| Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages. |
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| connected series of neighboring populations that can interbreed with relatively closely related populations, but for which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series that are too distantly related to interbreed |
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