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Bioenergetics & ATP
Chapter 19
34
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 1
02/27/2011

Additional Biochemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
field of chemistry that studies energy changes
Definition
thermodynamics
Term
goal of thermodynamics
Definition
to predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously
Term
spontaneously
Definition
continue without energy input once started
Term
first law
Definition
energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can only change from 1 form to another
Term
ΔE=q+w
Definition
first law
Term
ΔE
Definition
change in the internal energy
Term
q
Definition
heat
Term
w
Definition
work
Term
second law
Definition
energy can not be changed form 1 form to another without loss of usable E
Term
Total entropy of a system
Definition
must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously
Term

ΔS univ=

ΔS system + ΔS surroundings

Definition
second law
Term
in irreversible processes
Definition
entropy is a driving force
Term
Gibb's free energy change
Definition
ΔG
Term
ΔG
Definition
prediciting reacton spontaneity
Term
Two other thermodynamic quantities that contribute to the value for ΔG
Definition

ΔH

ΔS

Term
ΔH
Definition

enthalpy change

 

energy change measured at constant pressure

Term
ΔS
Definition

entropy change

 

related to the state of disorder in a system

Term
ΔH negative
Definition
energy released during the reaction
Term
ΔS positive
Definition
randomness or disorder in the system increases
Term
TΔS is sufficient large...
Definition

ΔG will be negative and

ΔS univ will increase

 

(favorable reaction)

Term
Spontaneous reaction
Definition

free energy decreases

ΔG is negative

energy is released by the reaction

reaction said to be exergonic

Term
exergonic
Definition
"releasing energy in the form of work"
Term
Nonspontaneous reaction
Definition

free energy increases

ΔG is positive

energy is absorbed by the reaction

reaction is said to be endergonic

Term
endergonic
Definition
"absorbing energy in the form of work."
Term
ΔG=0
Definition
systems are at equilibrium and no net change occurs
Term
Need constant input of E to...
Definition

maintain order

 

(ex: clean vs. messy room)

Term
Coupled reactions
Definition
one reaction is endergonic but the second is exergonic
Term

coupled reactions:

 

Sum of the reactions

Definition
is overall exergonic and consequently the reaction pair is overall spontaneous
Term
ATP
Definition
adenosine triphosphate
Term
Hydrolysis of ATP
Definition
provides the free energy to drive most endergonic reactions
Term
[image]
Definition
ATP molecule
Term

ATP:

 

Drives several processes....

Definition

Biosynthesis of biomolecules

 

active transport across membranes

 

mechanical work

-muscle contraction

Term
ATP can...
Definition
carry phosphoryl groups from higher energy compounds to lower energy compounds
Term
The three ATP phophates are...
Definition

Alpha

 

Beta

 

Gamma

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