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Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism
Fuel for exercise
46
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
03/05/2012
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Term
Metabolism
 Definition
total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
Term
anabolic reactions
 Definition
synthesis of molecules
Term
catabolic reactions
 Definition
breakdown of molecules
Term
bioenergetics
 Definition
converting foodstuffs
Term
endergonic reactions
 Definition
require energy to be added
Term
exergonic reactions
 Definition
release energy
Term
coupled reactions
 Definition
liberation of energy in an exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction
Term
oxidation
 Definition
removing an electron
Term
reduction
 Definition
addition of an electron
Term
substrates
 Definition

fuel sources from which we make energy (ATP)

carbohydrate, fat, protein
Term
bioenergentics
 Definition
process of converting substrates into energy (cellular level)
Term
phosphorylization
 Definition
transports energy from food sources to ATP
Term
60%-70% of energy used by body is used as..
 Definition
heat
Term
energy is measured in...
 Definition
kilocalories (kcals)
Term
energy sources at rest...
 Definition
fat and CHO
Term
energy sources at short exercise...
 Definition
more CHO
Term
energy sources at long exercise...
 Definition
carbohydrate and fat
Term
carbohydrates digest into...
 Definition
glucose
Term
fats digest into...
 Definition
fatty acids
Term
proteins digest into...
 Definition
amino acids
Term
glucose use:
 Definition
primary ATP for muscles and brain
Term
extra glucose stored as...
 Definition
glycogen in the liver
Term
carbohydrates primary form
 Definition
glucose
Term
fats stored in...
 Definition
adipose tissue
Term
proteins split into...
 Definition
amino acids
Term
Which energy is more accessible to muscles than protein
 Definition
carbohydrate
Term
ATP broken down by...
 Definition
ATPase
Term
catalysts that regulate the speed of reactions
 Definition
enzymes
Term
aerobic energy system
 Definition
for endurance events
Term
anaerobic energy system
 Definition
for speed events
Term
immediate energy system
 Definition
for power events
Term
aerobic system time to activate
 Definition
2-3 min
Term
anaerobic glycolysis time to activate
 Definition
~5 s
Term
immediate system time to activate
 Definition
immediately
Term
CK (creatine kinase)
 Definition
catalyzes PCr breakdown
Term
glycoloysis
 Definition
breakdown of glucose
Term
glycogenesis
 Definition
process by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver
Term
glycogenolysis
 Definition
process by which glycogen is broken into glucose-1-phosphate to be used by muscles
Term
pyruvate
 Definition
final product of glycolysis
Term
pyruvate metabolic direction
 Definition
lactate formation, enters mitochondria, formation of kreb's cycle intermediates
Term
oxidation
 Definition
molecule accepts electrons
Term
reduction
 Definition
molecule denotes electron
Term
triglycerides
 Definition
major fat energy source
Term
lypolysis
 Definition
breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids
Term
protein metabolism
 Definition
body uses little protein during rest and exercise (<5-10%)
Term
determines oxidative capacity
 Definition
  • oxidative enzyme activity within the muscle
  • fiber-type compostition and number of mitochondria
  • endurance training
  • oxygen availability and uptake in the lungs
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