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| A group of individuals of the same species in the same area |
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| A group of populations in the same area |
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| interrelationships between organisms in a community and their physical environment |
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| Composed of all regions of the earth that contain living things |
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| all the biotic and abiotic resources in the environment used by an organism |
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| how individuals in a population are distributed (clumped, uniform, random) |
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| description of the abundance of individuals of each age. Rapidly growing population has a large proportion of youngin's |
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| Most individuals survive to middle age, then mortality rate rises. (Humans) |
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| Length of survivorship is random (Rats) |
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| Most individuals die young (Stuff that makes larva) |
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| maximum growth rate of a population under idea conditions |
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| maximum number of individuals that can be sustained by a particular habitat |
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| Prevent a population from attaining biotic potential. Density-dependent or independent. |
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| Population Growth EQ (derp) |
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| occurs whenever the reproductive rate is greater than zero (HERPADERP) |
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| Limiting factors restrict the size of the population to the carrying capacity, S shaped curve |
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| rapid growth, opportunistic species, quickly invade a habitat, reproduce, and die. produce offspring that are small, mature quickly, and require little parental care |
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| Population size remains relatively constant, produce a small number of relatively large offspring that require care. Reproduction occurs repeatedly. |
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| Competitive Exclusion Principle (gause's principle) |
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| When 2 species compete for the same resources/occupy the same niche, one is likely to be more successful, meaning the other will be eliminated. :( |
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| Some species coexist in spite of apparent competition for the same resources because they occupy slightly different niches. Divide up the resources |
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| Character Displacement (niche shift) |
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| As a result of resource partitioning, certain characteristics may enable individuals to obtain resources in their partitions more successful. Leads to a divergence of features |
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| What a species occupies when competitors are present in their fundamental niche (barnacles at different cliff heights) |
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| An insect that lays its eggs on a host |
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| toxic chemicals produced in plants |
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| warning coloration, poisonous species |
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| Different animals with special defense mechanism share same coloration because a single pattern is more easily taught to silly animals |
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| An animal without a defense mechanism mimics a dangerous one... poser. |
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| Final stage of succession |
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| On substrates that never previously supported living carp |
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| habitats where communities were entirely/partially destroyed |
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| Begin succession, typically opportunistic r-selected species. Can tolerate harsh stuff |
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| Rainforest with less water |
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| permafrost, soggy soil, cold! |
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| Innate behaviors that follow a regular, unvarying pattern, initiated by a specific stimulus |
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| Innate program for acquiring a specific behavior only if an appropriate stimulus is experienced during a critical period (duckling + mother) |
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| Associative learning/classical conditioning |
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| Trial and Error learning/Operant conditioning |
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| animal connects its own behavior with a particular environmental response |
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| Loss of an acquired behavior |
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| a learned behavior that allows the animal to disregard meaningless stimuli (cows + umbrellas) |
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| An animal associates attributes of a location with the reward it gains by being able to identify and return to that location |
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| An animal performs a beneficial behavior without any prior relevant experience |
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| Undirected change in speed of an animal's movement in response to a stimulus. (bugs under a rock) |
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| Directed movement in response to a stimulus (moths to light, animals to food derp) |
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| Chemicals that cause immediate and specific behavioral changes |
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| cause physiological changes |
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