Term
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Definition
| sea stars are in what class? |
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Term
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Definition
| __ crawl on their long, flexible arms |
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Term
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Definition
| Brittle stars are in what class? |
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Term
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Definition
| Sea urchins and sand dollars are in what class? |
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Term
| sea urchins and sand dollars |
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Definition
| ___ and ___ have no arms, but they do have five rows of tube feet that function in movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are sea lilies that live attached to the substrate by a stalk |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ do not look much like other echinoderms, and have no spines. They also have a unique way of defending themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sea cucumbers are in class ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phylum ___, the phylum to which humans belong includes some invertebrates and the vertebrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are about ___ species of vertebrates, which include the largest organisms ever to live on the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vertebrates are a sumbphylum of the phylum ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chordates are ___ animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Chordates have grooves in the neck called ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pharyngeal slits are used for ___ in aquatic vertebrates. |
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Term
| parts of the head and neck |
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Definition
| Pharyngeal slits develop into parts of the ___ and ___ in terrestrial vertebrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| All chordates have a ___, although in many species it is lost during embryonic development. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___, subphylum ___ are the earliest branch of chordates are are marine animals commonly called sea squirts. |
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Term
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Definition
| an adult tunicate draws in water through a siphon, ___. |
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Term
| lancelets, cephalochordata |
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Definition
| ___, subphylum ___ are named for their bladelike shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are chordates with a skull |
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Term
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Definition
| the evolution of a ___ opened up a new way of feeding for chordates: predation |
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Term
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Definition
| Craniates evolved during the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| The earliest craniate fossils are those of the 3-cm-long ___, discovered in 1999 in ___, it had eyes and a brain but no skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ had a skull and thus is a true craniate. |
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Term
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Definition
| the most primitive surviving craniate lineage is the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are jawless with a cartilage skull and no vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| During the Cambrian explosion, a group of craniates evolved into ___. |
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Term
- vertebrae enclosing a spinal cord
- an elaborate skull
- fin rays (in aquatic forms),
- or limb bones (that evolved from these fin rays) |
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Definition
| What are the derived characters of vertebrates? |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are the oldest living group of vertebrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ have cartilaginous vertebrae and no jaws. |
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Term
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Definition
| The __ were the first vertebrates with mineralized teeth. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are vertebrates with jaws. Today they far outnumber jawless vertebrates. |
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Term
- enhanced nervous systems, including the lateral lines of fish
- a bony endoskeleton |
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Definition
| What are other characteristics of gnathostomes? |
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Term
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Definition
| The earliest gnathostomes in the fossil record are an extinct line of armored vertebrates called ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Members of class ___ have a skeleton made of cartilage. |
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Term
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Definition
| The carilaginous skeleton evolved secondarily from a ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ include sharks and rays |
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Term
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Definition
| the ___ are fast swimmers with acute senses |
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Term
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Definition
| most ___ are bottom-dwellers that eat molluscs and crustaceans. |
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Term
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Definition
| a second group of carilaginous fish is called the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| the vast majority of vertebrates belong to a group called ___, or bony fishes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fish breathe by drawing water over four of five pairs of gills covered by a protective bony flap called the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ___ include nearly all the familiar fish |
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Term
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Definition
| the ___ have muscular pectoral limbs |
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Term
| coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods |
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Definition
| the lobe-finned fish include ___, ___, and ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are bony fish that have limbs and feet |
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Term
- four limbs with feet and digits
- ears for detecting airborne sounds |
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Definition
| what are the derived characters of tetrapods? |
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