Term
• multicellular
• heterotrophic
• eukaryotes
• with layers of tissues |
|
Definition
| What are the four characteristics of animals? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ ingest other organisms |
|
|
Term
| structural proteins; collagen |
|
Definition
| Animals bodies are held together by ___, such as ___. |
|
|
Term
| nerve tissue and muscle tissue |
|
Definition
| Only animals have ___ and ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most animals reproduce ___, with the diploid stage dominating the life cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most animals reproduce sexually, with the ___ stage dominating the life cycle. |
|
|
Term
| A zygote is formed, and then it undergoes cleavage, forming a ball of cells called a blastula |
|
Definition
| What happens after a sperm fertilizes and egg? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After the blastula is formed, it undergoes ___, forming tissue layers and a hollow embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After the blastula is formed, it starts forming tissue layers and a hollow embryo called a ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The endoderm develops into the ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An embryo folds inward, producing layers: the ___ (outer layer) and the ___ (inner layer). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All animals have ___ that regulate body development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ genes can produce a wide variety of animal morphology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animals have been around for more than ___ years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The common ancestor of all living animals may have lived from ___ years ago |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The common ancestor of all animals probably resembled modern ___. |
|
|
Term
| colonial flaggelated protist |
|
Definition
| Animals common ancestor was probably a ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early animal fossils include the ___
– Discovered first in Australia
– they were all soft-bodied and small |
|
|
Term
| 1 Billion–524 Million Years Ago |
|
Definition
| When was the Neoproterozoic Era? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Edicaran fauna may include ___ and ___ |
|
|
Term
| 542–251 Million Years Ago |
|
Definition
| When was the Paleozoic Era? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ___ was the first appearance of the major groups of living animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most of the animals that appeared in the Cambrian Period died out in a ___. |
|
|
Term
| In the Cambrian explosion |
|
Definition
| When did the first predator and prey appear? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What era was the Cambrian explosion? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What era was the Ediacaran fauna formed in? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When did coral reefs form? |
|
|
Term
| 251–65.5 Million Years Ago |
|
Definition
| When was the Mesozoic era? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When were dinosaurs the dominant terrestrial vertebrates? |
|
|
Term
| 65.5 Million Years Ago to the Present |
|
Definition
| When was the Cenozoic Era? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our era began with the ___ of most animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When did modern groups of mammals and insects become diversified? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animals can be classified by the ___ of their bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this type of symmetry, any imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this kind of symmetry, only one cut can divide the animal into mirror-image halves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many animals exhibit ___ symmetry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the top side of a bilaterally symmetrical animal called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the bottom side of a bilaterally symmetrical animal called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the head of a bilaterally symmetrical animal called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the tail of a bilaterally symmetrical animal called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the development of a head called in bilaterally symmetrical animals? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ follow the development of its tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ are collections of specialized cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tissues are isolated from other tissues by ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way our bodies develop mimic the way we ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our ___ can tell us a lot about evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ animals have two germ layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sponges and jellyfish are examples of ___ animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These animals split early from the other groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ have three germ layers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ animals include most of the animals we know |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ animals have organs contained in a body cavity called a coelom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triploblastic animals have organs contained in a ___ called a coelom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triploblastic animals have organs contained in a body cavity called a ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ such as earthworms have a true body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coelomates such as ___ have a true body cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coelomates such as earthworms have a true ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ___ is a body cavity derived from the hollow gastrula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An example of pseudocoelom is ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organisms without body cavities are called ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Without ways to deliver oxygen and nutrients to their cells these organisms must remain small |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ are acoelomates from Louisiana swamps |
|
|
Term
| protostome development or deuterostome development |
|
Definition
| What are the two ways embryos can be categorized as developing? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this type of embryo development, the blastula is spiral and determinate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this type of embryo development, the blastula is radial and indeterminate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In ___ the blastopore becomes the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In ___, the blastopore becomes the anus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zoologists currently recognize about ___ major groups or phyla of animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ are basal animals: they split off first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sponges are ___: they split off first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Since ___ they lack true issues they are different from all other animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
___ is a clade of animals with true
tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most animal phyla belong to the clade ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vertebrates and a few others belong to the clade ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recent molecular studies divide the ___ into two groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recent molecular studies divide the protostomes into ___ groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ share a common characteristic: they shed their exoskeletons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ecdysozoans share a common characteristic: they shed their exoskeletons in a process called ___ |
|
|
