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Biodiversity
Chapter 29 vocab
51
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2011

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Term
peroxisome
Definition
an organelle contianing enzymes that transfer hydrogen (H2) from various substrates to oxygen (O2), producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Term
phragmoplast
Definition
an alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell
Term
sporopollenin
Definition
a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop
Term
alteration of generations
Definition
a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.
Term
gametophyte
Definition
in organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the mulicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.
Term
sporophyte
Definition
in organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. the sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.
Term
spores=
Definition
in the life cycle of a plant of alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell
Term
placental transfer cell
Definition
a plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo
Term
embryophyte
Definition
alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
Term
sporangium
Definition
a multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop
Term
sporocyte
Definition
a diploid cell, also known as a spore mother cell, that undergoes meiosis and generates haploid spores.
Term
gametangium
Definition
multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed. female ___ are called archegonia, and male ___ are called antheridia.
Term
archegonia=um
Definition
in plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop
Term
antheridium
Definition
In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.
Term
apical meristem
Definition
embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots. the dividing cells of an ___ enable the plant to grow in length.
Term
cuticle
Definition
a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents the desiccation in terrestrial plants
Term
vascular tissue
Definition
plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
Term
vascular plant
Definition
a plant with vascular tissue. ___ include all living plant species except mossers, liverworts, and hornworts
Term
bryophyte
Definition
an informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants
Term
lycophyte
Definition
an informal name for a member of the phylum ___, which includes club mosses, spike mosses and quillworts.
Term
pterophyte
Definition
an informal name for a member of the phylum ___, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives.
Term
seedless vascular plant
Definition
an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. ___ form a paraphyletic group that includes the phyla Locophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Pterophyta (ferns and their relatives)
Term
grade
Definition
a group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation.
Term
seed
Definition
an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packed along with a store of food within a protective coat.
Term
gymnosperm
Definition
a vascular plant that bears naked seeds--seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.
Term
angiosperm
Definition
a flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary
Term
protonema
Definition
a mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.
Term
gametophore
Definition
the mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte.
Term
rhizoid
Definition
a long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground. unlike roots, ___ are not composed of tissues, lack specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.
Term
foot
Definition
the portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells
Term
seta
Definition
the elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte
Term
capsule
Definition
the sporangium of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort)
Term
peristome
Definition
a ring of interlocking, tooth-like strucutres on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge
Term
stoma
Definition
a microscopic pores surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant
Term
peat
Definition
extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material formed primarily from the wetland moss Sphagnum
Term
xylem
Definition
vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant
Term
tracheid
Definition
a long, tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants. Functioning ___ are no longer living.
Term
lignin
Definition
a hard material embedded in teh cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species.
Term
phloem
Definition
vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant
Term
root
Definition
an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil
Term
leaf
Definition
the main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants
Term
microphyll
Definition
In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.
Term
megaphyll
Definition
a leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants.
Term
sporophyll
Definition
a modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized fro reproduction
Term
sorus
Definition
a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. ___ may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification.
Term
strobilus
Definition
the technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants
Term
homosporous
Definition
referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte
Term
heterosporous
Definition
referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes
Term
megaspore
Definition
a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte.
Term
microspore
Definition
a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte.
Term
spore
Definition
in fungi, a haploid cell, produced either sexually or asexually, that produces a mycelium after germination
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