Term
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Definition
| Metabolism, reproduction, growth, and the capability of evolving via natural selection. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of science? |
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Definition
Based on fact, rather than opinion
Broad.
Has accepted requirements (unlike philosophy).
Has a tangible boundary that puts a limit on it.
It MUST be tested. |
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Term
| Does science reveal the truth? |
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Definition
| It proves what we THINK is the truth. |
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Term
| What does "This is proven to be true" mean? |
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Definition
| It means that it is true AT THAT TIME. |
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Term
| What is the definition of science? |
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Definition
| The aim of science is "an exploration of the material universe that seeks natural, orderly relationships among observed phenomena, and that is self-testing." |
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Term
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Definition
| An informed attempt at an explanation of some phenomenon. |
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Term
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Definition
| A causal explanation of certain observed phenomena that has been substantiated by testing multiple, interconnecting hypotheses. NOT A SYNONYM OF HYPOTHESIS. |
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Term
| Approximately how many species are on the planet today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the number of species increasing, decreasing, or stable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Biological Evolution? |
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Definition
| A change in gene frequencies in a population over time. |
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Term
| What were Darwin and Wallace's two tasks? |
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Definition
| To establish that evolution occurs, and to figure out how it happens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits that are shared by two or more organisms because of common ancestry. |
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Term
| Definition of Vestigial Structures |
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Definition
| Structures that are argued to be left from something more. (I.E. whales used to have hind legs and the pelvic bones are left over) |
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Term
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Definition
| At the beginning of life we are all similar, and then we become more diverse. |
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Term
| Darwin and Wallace's Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Organisms evolved via the process of natural selection. |
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Term
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Definition
| It makes traits, is on chromosomes, and is passed down from parents. |
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Term
| Darwin and Wallace's Five Observations About Organisms |
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Definition
1. Tremendous reproductive potential
2. Population sizes tend to be stable
3. Resources are finite
4. Individuals' characteristics are variable
5. Variation is inevitable |
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Term
| Three Conditions Resulting in Natural Selection |
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Definition
1. Challenges (resources, predators, etc.)
2. Heritability (of the characters)
3. Variable characters and fitness (offspring) contribution |
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Term
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Definition
| Have two sets of chromosomes and thus two sets of genes (one from each parent). |
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Term
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Definition
| When an offspring got two distinct forms of a gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an offspring only got one allelic form. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ultimate source of genetic variation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Believed that you could inherit acquired characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| What entity within the environment that made the change that effected a species. |
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Term
| Why did the peppered moths become less common? |
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Definition
| The likens, which were the organisms that were on the trees and made it look peppered, were killed off by pollution, so the peppered moths stood out more on the brown trees, and the birds could find them more easily. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between microevolution and macroevolution? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where genes from one population go to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes of a population can drift up and down in frequency. |
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Term
| The three types of selection |
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Definition
| Directional, Stabilizing, and Disruptive |
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Term
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Definition
| When one extreme of the population starts becoming the dominant characteristic, and the population starts going in that direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the middle-of-the-road characteristics become more common, causing the extremes to diminish in frequency. |
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Term
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Definition
| When both extremes of the characteristics are more frequent, possibly causing a split into two species. |
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Term
| Which of the three types of selection is most likely to produce a new species? |
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Definition
| Disruptive, but also directional if it goes far enough in the one direction to be very different from what it originally was. |
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Term
| Negative Frequency Dependent |
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Definition
| Rare morphs tend to succeed because they are overlooked. |
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Term
| Positive Frequency Dependent |
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Definition
| The more common traits become predominant because they flourish. |
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Term
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Definition
| A warning that an organism can have that it is toxic/poisonous/bad. I.E. a rattlesnake or a monarch butterfly. |
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Term
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Definition
| When one species copies another because selection favors the same one signal. |
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Term
| How many species have been DESCRIBED? |
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Definition
| Approximately 1.9 million. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describing and naming of species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determining relationships between species. |
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Term
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Definition
| The father of taxonomy. His intention was to describe and name everything. His system of binomial nomenclature still exists. |
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Term
| What is the first name in binomial nomenclature? |
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Definition
| The organism's genus. It is always capitalized. |
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Term
| What is the second name in binomial nomenclature? |
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Definition
| The organism's specific epithet that distinguishes it in its genus. This is not capitalized. |
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Term
| What are the four concepts of organizing species? (Or Species Concepts) |
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Definition
| Phylogenetic, Biological/Reproductive, Morphologic, and Ecological. |
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Term
| Phylogenetic Species Concept |
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Definition
| As things emerge they are making species of themselves (evolutionary). |
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Term
| Biological/Reproductive Species Concept |
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Definition
| A population whose members are able to interbreed freely under natural conditions. (Offspring must be viable.) |
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Term
| Morphologic Species Concept |
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Definition
| Based on physical/phenotypical characteristics. |
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Term
| Ecological Species Concept |
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Definition
| A species is a group of organisms that occupy the same ecological niche. |
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Term
| What are some problems with the Biological Species Concept? |
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Definition
| There is insufficient information about every species; chronospecies; ring species; asexual species. |
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Term
| What are some problems with the Morphological Species Concept? |
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Definition
| There are no boundaries - what is enough of a difference to classify them as separate species? Mimicry. |
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Term
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Definition
| A place occupied by species in its ecosystem. |
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Term
| Allopatric Mode of Speciation |
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Definition
| Geographic isolation through vicariance or a founder event. |
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Term
| Sympatric Mode of Speciation |
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Definition
| They are in the same place but they use the resources differently, causing a break in the species. |
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