Term
| prokaryotic characteristics in terms of 1. cellularity, 2. cell size, 3. Chromosomes, 4. Divison and Genetic Recombination 5. organization, 6. Flagella, 7. Metabolic Diversity |
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Definition
| unicellular, smallish, no membrane around chromosomes, mostly divide via binary fission, horizontal gene transfer, no organelles, simple flagella, photosynthesis with and w/o oxygen, chemolithotrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| make carbohydrates from energy stored in bonds |
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Term
compare archea and bacteria on:
membrane
cell wall
DNA replication |
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Definition
Membrane: archea have lipids with ether bond btwn hydrocarbon and glycerol, bacteria have ester linkages
Cell Wall: Bacteria have peptidoglycan, archea do not
DNA: archea more similar to Eukaryotes, have multiple RNA polymerases, bacteria have only one |
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Term
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Definition
| peptide bonded carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| have thicker peptidoglycan wall- purple |
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Term
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Definition
| have thinner peptidoglycan wall- dark pink |
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Term
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Definition
| gelatinous structure sorrounding all walls in some bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| crystalline surface around outer membrane of some bacteria and archea, helps in adhesion/protection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| form in response to environmental pressures, thick wall around genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| gene transfer from cell to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| cell division into two equal parts, asexual |
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Term
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Definition
| frequent trasfer plasmid in conjugation, helpful in fertility |
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Term
| role of F plasmid in conjugation |
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Definition
| contains genes code for proteins to creat hollow pilus on cell surface for transfer, individual genetic entity that needs cell to reproduce, does "Rolling Circle Replication", creates new F plasmid in other cell |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid joins host chromosome, similar to meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| cells with recombinated F plasmids |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of DNA through viruses called bacteriophages |
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Term
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Definition
| only a few genes transfered, only in lysogenic phages |
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Term
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Definition
| any gene can be transfered |
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Term
| describe process of transduction |
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Definition
| viral DNA copied and stuffed into phage head, grabs some bacteria DNA on accident, injects into host, bacterial DNA integrated via homologous recombination |
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Term
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Definition
| the closer two genes are on a chromosome the more likely they will be transferred in transduction |
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Term
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Definition
| carries both phage and chromosomal genes |
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Term
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Definition
| dormant phage that has integrated genes with host- will eventually lyse host |
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Term
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Definition
| do photosynthesis, ex:cyanobacteria (have chlorophyll) |
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Term
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Definition
| oxidize inorganic substances, ex:nitrifiers during nitrification |
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Term
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Definition
| use light energy, get carbon from organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| get carbon and energy from organic molecules, includes decomposers |
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Term
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Definition
| borrelia burgdorferi, ticks, deer, mice are vectors |
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Term
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Definition
| vibrio cholerae, STD causing genital infections that can spread to eyes and respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| neisseria gonorrhoae, STD in humans only |
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Term
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Definition
| bacillus anthracis, carried in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| clostridium botulinum, improperly prepared food, toxic poison, can be fatal |
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Term
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Definition
streptococcus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, haemophilus
fatal lung disease, humans are vector |
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Term
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Definition
| yersinia pestis, fleas on rats and squirrels |
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