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Definition
| Inflamation of less than two weeks duration often associated with bacterial infections and usually characterized by the presence of granulocytes, prinicipally neutrophils |
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| Blue-Staining granulocytes that carry an IgE receptor and contain cytoplasmic granules filled with biologically active enzymes and cytokines that mediate the inflammatory process |
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| Inflammation of more than two weeks duration characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells and often associated with endogenous infectious agents such as viruses or intracellular bacteria or the presence of a foregin body |
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Definition
Red-staining granulocytes that contain biologically active proteins and enzymes that mediate defense against parasitic infections.
These red-staining granulocytes also produce cytokines that down-regulate the inflammatory response, remodel extracellular matrix during tissue healing, and mediate many adverse responses during asthmatic attacks and allergic reactions to pharmaceuticals. |
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Definition
| Redness of skin associated with inflammation |
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Definition
| A major group of white blood cells that have irregular, lobed nuclei and granules in their cytoplasm |
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| Areas of tissue damage caused by chronic inflammation characterized by large areas of tissue destruction surrounded by fibrous elements of extracellular matrix and the presence of large, bizarre inflammatory cells. |
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| The localized reaction that occurs in tissue in response to an infection or physical or chemical injury |
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| A subgroup of mononuclear cells that includes the T and B cells that mediate acquired immune reactions |
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| Cells that are similar to basophils in form and function that originate in the bone marrow and migrate to connective tissue surrounding blood vessels |
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Definition
| A subgroup of mononuclear cells that are called (defintionword) when they are in the bloodstream and macrophages when they are in tissues. These cells are are the APC's that mediate endocytosis and presentation of antigen to T and B cells during immune reactions. |
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Definition
| A major group of white blood cells that have round non-segmented nuclei and smooth cytoplasm |
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| Non-staining granulocytes that contain digestive endosomes and are the principal mediators of phagocytosis in acute inflammation |
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Definition
| A porous condition or state of cells or tissues that allows liquids to pass through them |
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Definition
| cells capable of phagocytosis including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages |
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Definition
| Specialized blood cells that interact with coagulation proteins in the blood to form clots and stop bleeding from damaged blood vessels |
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| Polymorphonuclear leukocyte or PMN |
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Definition
| Another term for granulocyte |
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Definition
| immune processes that develop after birth |
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| Large molecules like proteins that complex with haptens making them immunogenic |
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| Highly vascular connective tissue in the cavities of most bones that is the site where red and white blood cells develop from precursor cells called stem cells |
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Definition
| Agents that specifically bind to the immune system but may or may not elicit an immune response |
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Definition
| Antibody-producing white blood cells that develop in the bone marrow and mediate humoral immunity |
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Definition
| Exposing susceptible individuals to antigens associated with an infectious disease process that do not cause the disease but rather induce an immune response that protects against subsequent infection |
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Definition
| Soluble reactive immunoglobulins that circulate in the bloodstream |
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Term
| Antigen presenting cells (APC's) |
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Definition
| Phagocytic white blood cells that non-specifically engulf foreign substances and then process and present them to lymphocytes |
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Definition
| Cytokine production or cell destruction mediated by T-Lymphocytes that is activated when antigen presenting cells (APC's) present processed antigen to the T-Lymphocyte receptor(s) |
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Definition
| Attraction of immune cells to a specific location by a chemical signal |
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Definition
| A subgroup of an immunoglobulin determined by its heavy chain(s) that also defines type of cell receptor(s) that is (are) bound |
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| Low molecular weight, soluble, antigen-nonspecific glycoproteins produced by a variety of cells that stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and activation of cells of the immune system |
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Definition
| The sequences of amino acids on the H and L chains of immunoglobulin molecules that are the same among different antibodies; the constant region of the H chains forms the cell receptor binding portion of an immunoglobulin molecule |
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| Theory proposing that diverse populations of lymphocytes capable of reacting to all foreign antigens coupled with selective elimination of clones of immune cells that react to "self" antigens results in a diverse and adaptive system and immunologic defense |
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Definition
| A family of biologically-active proteins associated with non-specific immune responses that mediate cell destruction and elements of the immune response |
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| Immune processes present at birth |
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| Mucosa-associated lymphocyte tissue such as tonsils and Peyer's patches under the small bowel that serve as secondary lymphoid organs to detect and eliminate foreign antigens coming in contact with mucosal epithelial surfaces |
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| The requirement that immune cells share the same MHC or "self" antigens in order to interact and immunologically respond together |
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| An enzyme produced by retroviruses, including HIV, that catalyzes the insertion into the host cell genome of viral DNA that has been transcribed by reverse transcriptase from viral RNA |
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Definition
| A subclass of T-lymphocytes that, when activated by endogenous antigens, destroys cells that express those antigens |
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| Isotype (class) switching |
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Definition
| Alteration in the class of antigen-specific antibody produced by a B-lymphocyte mediated by both antigen simulation and cytokines |
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Definition
| Light polypeptide chains of antibodies that pair with H chains to form the pole of a functional immunoglobulin molecule that specifically binds to antigens and immunogens |
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Definition
| Transfer of protective antibody from an immune to as susceptible individual providing protection from disease from a period of time defined by the duration of antibody presistence |
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Definition
| Immune responsiveness mediated at epithelial mucosal surfaces, often involving IgA |
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Definition
| A cancer of B-lymphocytes that causes these cells to produce huge quantities of immunoglobulin fragments |
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Definition
| Binding of substances such as anitbodies to epitopes on cells that make the cells more susceptible to phagocytosis |
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Term
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) |
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Definition
| A group of tightly-linked genes on chromosome 6 that define "self" antigens and determine tissue or organ graft compatibility, resulting in acceptance or rejection following transplantation |
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Definition
| The first class of antibody produced during immune response composed of five immunoglobulin subunits bound together in a pentameric ring |
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Definition
| Tissues composed of cells of the immune system along lymphatic channels that connect to the blood stream where both mature B- and T-lymphocytes destroy foreign substances and infectious agents |
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| Sites where cells of the immune system develop and function |
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| Cytokines that are exclusively produced by lymphocytes |
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| Groups of antigens of an infectious agent |
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| Induction of immune protection by exposing organisms to infectious agents that have been treated to substantially reduce or eliminate their ability to cause damage or disease |
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| Molecules produced by cytotoxic cells that bind to the plasma membrane of target cells creating large channels that alter selective membrane permeability and cause cell death |
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Definition
| Modified, immunogenic but harmless toxins that induce protective immunity from the effects of subsequent toxin exposure |
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Definition
| Highly vascular organ consisting of blood sinuses and connective tissue where both mature B- and T-lymphocytes destroy foreign damaging agents and substances |
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Definition
| White Blood Cells that develop in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus that mediate cellular immunity |
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Definition
| A gland in most vertebrate animals in the upper anterior chest or base of the neck where T-cells migrate to mature |
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Definition
| Sites where cells of the immune system develop and mature including the bone marrow and thymus gland |
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Term
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs |
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Definition
| Sites where mature cells of the immune system encounter, trap, and destroy foreign substances as they invade the body, including the spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT (tonsils and peyer's patches) |
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Definition
| An enzyme produced by retroviruses, including HIV, that synthesizes DNA from templates of viral RNA nucleotide sequences |
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Definition
| Heavy polypeptide chains of antibodies that pair with L chains to form a functional immunoglobulin molecule. The constant end binds to an isotype-specific receptor site of T-cells at one end and the variable end on the opposite pole of the immunoglobulin molecule pairs with L chains and bind specifically to antigen on target cells |
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Definition
| The body's response to tissue invasion and/or damage |
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Definition
| Globular proteins that circulate in body fluids and specifically bind to antigens and immunogens |
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Definition
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Definition
| The class of immunoglobulins consisting of a single Ig subunit with gamma heavy chains that is the predominant antibody in the circulation and mediates anamnestic immune reactions, ADCC, complement-mediated cell destruction, and opsonization |
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Definition
| Antigens on the surface of foreign cells such as bacteria that are engulfed by APC's, processed, and then presented to helper T-cells resulting in the production of cytokines |
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Definition
| Non-immunogenic, low molecular weight substances that bind to antibodies and T-lymphocyte receptors |
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Definition
| The induction of immunity against a specific infectious disease |
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Definition
| Agents that contact the immune system eliciting an immune response |
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Definition
| A one or two subunit immunoglobulin that respectively circulates in the blood stream or is present in epithelial cell secretions that agglutinates foreign proteins and cells along mucous membranes |
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Definition
| Immune response that occurs in body fluids involving antibodies and the B-lymphocytes that produce them |
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Definition
| A one immunoglobulin subunit molecule that defines the antigenic specificity and is a major surface marker on B-lymphocytes |
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Definition
| Foreign antigens that are processed by and then expressed on the surface of cells that have been invaded by intracellular pathogens such as viruses or intracellular bacteria |
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Definition
| A subpopulation of T-lymphocytes that produce cytokines in response to presentation of antigen(s) by APC's |
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Definition
| Mechanisms used by the body to protect itself from foreign environmental agents such as infectious agents, toxins, chemicals, and components or products of other living things |
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Definition
| A single subunit immunoglobulin present in the smallest quantities and with the shortest half life that binds to mast cells and basophils to mediate a variety of hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| The sequences of amino acids on the H and L chains of imminoglobulin molecules that vary among different antibodies; this region forms the antigen-binding portion of the immunoglobulin |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Bacterial sexuall-transmitted diseases |
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| A protozoan disease transmitted by mosquitoes characterized by high fevers and systemic infection that may cause death |
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Definition
| Any of a variety of spore producing plants that can cause a wide variety of disease ranging from acute irritation to chronic inflammation and potenially life threatening infection, especially among individuals with immune compromise |
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Definition
| Disease caused when the virulence of a microbiologic agents overcomes host immune defenses resulting in tissue invasion and damage |
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Definition
| The degree of damage of injury that a toxic or infectious agent is capable of causing to cells, tissues, or living organisms |
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Definition
| Any of a variety of fluke-like worms that cause parasitic infections of the liver, intestines, and bladder associated with chronic inflammation and extensive tissue damage |
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Definition
| Primarily protozoa and worms that cause chronic inflammation and disease by invading tissues, often as a consequence of consuming contaminated food or water |
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Definition
| Constituents primarily of bacterial cell walls that cause cellular or tissue damage, often mediated by the host immune response |
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Definition
| Agents produced and released primarily by bacteria into the environment that disrupt cell function and/or cause cell and tissue damage |
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Definition
| The protective protein covering over the genome of a virus |
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Definition
| Primary prevention of infectious diseases by administering antimicrobial drugs to prevent infection |
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Definition
| The persistence of potentially pathogenic infectious agents in living tissue without causing tissue damage or disease |
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Definition
| A chronic inflammatory disease that usually originates in the lungs but may spread throughout the body caused by an intracellular bacterium capable of developing resistance to multiple antibiotics |
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Definition
| An inflammatory disease of the liver caused by any of at least six different viruses. The most prevalent form is Hepatitis B. |
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Definition
| A portion of an antigen capable of eliciting an immune response |
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