Term
| Requirement for producing nutrients/macromolecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Source of building blocks and energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| raw materials and fuels of the diet which are required by the body |
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Term
| Major headings/groups of nutrients |
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Definition
carbohydrates fats/lipids proteins vitamins minerals
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Term
| Effect of being deficient in nutrients? excessive in nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
Chemical classification of carbohydrates |
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Definition
polyhydroxyaldehydes (aldose) polyhydroxyketons (ketose) derivatives of these molecules
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Term
Simplest polyhydroxyaldehyde and polyhydroxyketone |
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Definition
aldehyde- glyceraldehyde ketone- dihydroxyacetone
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Term
Examples of pentoses (5 C sugars) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
glucose galactose mannose glucuronic acid glucosamine fructose
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Term
| common carbohydrate derivatives |
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Definition
amino sugars (replace OH with NH2) deoxy sugars (2 C has OH replace with H) uronic acids (primary alcohol replaced with carboxyl group)
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Term
| What determines if a carbohydrate is D or L? |
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Definition
| the position of OH on C closest to the primary alcohol |
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Term
| Difference between D galactose and D glucose |
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Definition
| D galactose is the 4 epimer of glucose |
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Term
| Difference between mannose and D-glucose |
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Definition
| mannose is the 2 epimer of D glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| carbone that belonged to the aldehyde group before forming a ring |
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Term
| How do you form a glycosidic bond |
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Definition
| anomeric carbon reacting with alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
beta D galactose and alpha D glucose joined by beta 1-4 linkage |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha D glucose and beta D fructose joined by alpha1-beta2 linkage |
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Term
| chemical structure of reducing sugars |
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Definition
| have free anomeric carbon to react |
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Term
| chemical structure of starch |
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Definition
| glucose polymer of alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds |
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Term
chemical structure of glycogen |
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Definition
| glucose polymers of alpha1-4 and alpha1-6 bonds |
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Term
| Chemical structure of cellulose |
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Definition
| glucoses linked via beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds |
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Term
Advantage of branching nature of glycogen |
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Definition
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Term
| Disadvantage of using glycogen to store energy |
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Definition
| the OH groups attract water, so it takes up a lot of space (if I urinate glucose, I take water with it) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Major carbohydrates in diet |
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Definition
simple sugars complex carbohydrates |
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Term
| Main simple sugars in diet |
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Definition
dissaccharides lactose sucrose
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Term
| Role of simple carbs in body |
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Definition
| all simple carbs needed by the body can be synthesized in the body (ex: glucose) |
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Term
| Clinical pathology of complete elimination of carbs from diet |
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Definition
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Term
| Major carbohydrates in the diet |
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Definition
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Term
| Amylose and amylopectin are broken down by what enzyme? into what compound? |
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Definition
| via amylase, broken down into maltose, then into two glucose units |
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Term
| Major monomer sugars taken into the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Minimum need of carbs needed to prevent ketoacidosis |
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Definition
| 50-100 grams of carbs per day |
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