Assuming "the cell is like a car", what role does the biochemists have?

a. study the parts

b. study the faulty parts

c. study the assembled product

d. fix the problems

Answer: A

Cell Biologist study the assembled product

Pharmacologists try to fix the problem

Diseases are often the result of faulty parts

Which of the following does not describe cell signaling?

a. how a small event can have a big effect

b. why each part is essential for proper function

c. amplifacation

d. how one part talks to another

e. none of the above

f. b and c

Answer: E

All of the answer choices, A-D describe cell signaling

Which of the following describes a cell communication mechanisms?

a. Directly, by neurotransmitters produced by nerve cells

b. Directly, by hormones produced by specialized (endocrine) cells

c. Directly, through binding of a cell to an "extracellular matrix" laid out by aother cells

d. Directly, through cell-cell adhesion

Answer: D

Choice A-C are incorrect because they are all indirect mechanisms of communication

There are two direct mechansims, choice D and directly, through cytoplasmic flow between cells, via gap junctions

All together, there are 2 direct, 3 indirect, and 1 sensory mechanism

Which of the following correctly describes neurotransmitters?

a. fast acting, work at high concentrations

b. fast acting, work at low concentrations

c. slow acting, work at high concentrations

d. slow acting, work at low concentrations

Which of the following correctly describes neurotransmitters?

a. produced by a nerve cell

b. released at the synapse

c. act on target cell far away

d. fast acting, and work at low concentrations

e. b and c

f. c and d

Answer: F

Neurotransmitters are:

1. produced by nerver cells

2. released at the synapse

3. act on target cell nearby

4. fast acting, and work at high concentrations

Which of the following incorrectly describes hormones?

a. a indirect cell communication mechanism

b. act on target cells to alter cell replication

c. produced by specialized  (endocrine) cells

c. usually slow acting, and work at low concentrations

Answer: B

Hormones act on target cells to alter cell metabolism

What is the role of growth factors?

a. promote the production of neurotransmitters

b. produce hormones

c. promote cell differentiation

d. produce nerve cells

Which of the following true?

a. Molecules can only function as hormones

b. Molecules can only function as neurotransmitters

c. Molecules can function as both hormones and neurotransmitters

d. Molecules can funtion as both hormones and neurotransmitters only when conditions surround the cell are unfavorable

Answer: C

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is secreted by nerve cells and acts as a neurotransitter; is is also secreted by the adrenal medulla and acts on various organs as a hormone.

Hormones that are secreted by one cell and act on a nearby cell are classified as:

a. autocrine

b. endocrine

c. growth factor

d. paracrine

Of the hormone classifications, which is most often associated with cancer?

a. autocrine

b. endocrine

c. growth factor

d. paracrine

Answer: A

Autocrine hormones are secreted by one cell and act on the same cell.  A cell telling itself to continuall replicate (=cancer)

Endocrine hormones are secreted into the blood circulation and typically act on distant target cells in other organs.

Paracrine hormones are secreted by one cell and act on a nearby cell

Growth factor is not a hormone classification