Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Biochemistry
Organic Compounds/Functional Groups
30
Biology
Not Applicable
10/13/2004

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Eth-
Definition
Two Carbons
Term
Meth-
Definition
One Carbon
Term
Prop-
Definition
Three Carbons
Term
But-
Definition
Four Carbons
Term
Pent-
Definition
Five Carbons
Term
Hex-
Definition
Six Carbons
Term
Hept-
Definition
Seven Carbons
Term
Non-
Definition
Nine Carbons
Term
Dec-
Definition
Ten Carbons
Term
Structural Isomers
Definition
Variation in covalent partners, in which each share the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms.
Term
Geometric Isomers
Definition
The variation in the arrangement of a double bond.
Term
Enantiomers
Definition
Variations in spatial arrangements around an assymetric carbon, which results in molecules that are mirror images of one another. They cannot be superimposed on one another.
Term
Hydroxyl Group
Definition
R-OH
or
R-O-H
Common in alcohols
Slighly Polar
Tend to form Hydrogen Bonds
Example: Ethyl Alchohol (C2H5OH)
Term
Amino Group
Definition
R-NH2
Common in Nitrogen Bases
Part of each Amino Acid
Weak base in water, where it accepts a +
Term
Carboxyl Group
Definition
R-COOH (double-bonded Oxygen)
Common in Amino Acids
Organic Acids, weak acid in water, releases +
Term
Methyl Group
Definition
R-CH3
Common in organic molecules
Nonpolar
Insoluable in water
Term
Aldehyde Group
Definition
R-CHO (on a Oxygen is bonded on a primary carbon)
Slightly Polar
Soluble in water
Common in sugars
Term
Sulfhydryl Group
Definition
R-SH
or
R-S-H
Common in Proteins, where it forms covalent bonds between polypeptides.
Amino Acids with a Radical group that contains sulfur=Cystene Methionine
Term
Ketone Group
Definition
R-CO-R
Slightly Polar
Soluble in water
Common in Sugars
Oxygen is NEVER bonded on a primary Carbon.
Term
Phosphate Group
Definition
R-H2PO4
Polar weak acid
Releases 2 protons in water
Participates in energy transfers in cells when in ATP
Found in nucleic acids - DNA & RNA
Term
Esters
Definition
R-C-O-R (With an Oxygen double bonded to the Carbon)
Formation of bonds by dehydration synthesis
Combination of an acid with an alcohol
Term
Ethanol
Definition
[image]
Term
Propenone
Definition
[image]
Term
Butenol
Definition
[image]
Term
Triose Sugars
Definition
C3H6O3
Aldose
Ketose
Term
Triose Sugars
Definition
C3H6O3
Aldose - Glyceraldehyde
Ketose - Dihydroxyacetone
Term
Pentose Sugars
Definition
C5H10O5
Aldose - Ribose
Ketose - Ribulose
Term
Lipids
Definition
1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Wax
4. Steroids
Term
Non-polar Proteins
Definition
(Hydrocarbons)
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Mathionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline
Term
Polar Proteins
Definition
(Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone)
Serine
Threonine
Crysteine
Tyrosine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Supporting users have an ad free experience!