Term
| Define Endergonic and give an example of an endergonic reaction |
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Definition
| Requires energy - peptide linkage |
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Term
| Name this functional group: -COOH |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this functional group: -NH2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this functional group: -CH3 |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this functional group: -COH |
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Definition
| Carbonyl (aldehyde group) |
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Term
| Name this functional group: R-CO-R' |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this functional group: R-COO-R' |
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Definition
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Term
| Name this functional group: R-CO-R' |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Name the linkage type for 1 and 2 in this glucose bonding. |
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Definition
1. Axial (alpha)
2. Equitorial (beta) |
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Term
| Define what it means when a molecule is chiral |
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Definition
When it is not superimposable on its mirror image.
Easy way to identify is if the central carbon has 4 different types of molecules. |
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Term
| Define a achiral molecule |
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Definition
| A molecule that can be roated and be superimposed on its mirror image |
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Term
| Define what an enantiomer is |
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Definition
| Stereoismores whose molecules are NON-superimposable mirror images of one another |
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Term
| True or False: Enantiomers have share all physical properties of their mirror images aside from light rotation. |
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Definition
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Term
| A molecule that rotates light clockwise is... |
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Definition
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Term
| A molecule that rotates light anti-clockwise is... |
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Definition
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Term
| An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers (or a racemic mixture) has what degree of rotation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the importance of enantiomers in biological processes? |
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Definition
| An L-enantiomer could have function in the body where the R-enantiomer could have no function or a destructive function in the body, or vice versa. |
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Term
| What would classify a steroisomer as a diastereomer? |
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Definition
| Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Molecules with 2 or more chiral centers |
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Term
| Which enantiomer is active in the body normally. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are compounds with the same chemical formula called? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do constitutional isomers differ from eachother? |
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Definition
| different physical properites, different chemical properties, different IUPAC names, different (sometimes the same) functional groups |
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Term
| How do sterioisomers differ from eachother? |
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Definition
| Only differ by the way their atoms are oriented in space. |
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Term
| How can you determine the number of stereoisomers of a molecule? |
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Definition
| 2^(# of asymmetric carbons) |
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Term
| A silver mirror of the Tollens reagent or a brick red precipitate of the Benedict's reagent would indicate you have what type of sugar? |
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Definition
| A reducing sugar (-OH exposed) |
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Term
| Name the makeup and linkage of Maltose. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the makeup and linkage of Lactose. |
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Definition
| Galactose, Glucose; B(1-4) |
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Term
| Name the makeup and linkage of Cellobiose. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the makeup and linkage of Sucrose. |
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Definition
| Fructose, Glucose; aB(1-2) |
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Term
| Which form of starch has branches and which does not? |
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Definition
| Amylose does not have branches, amylopectin does. |
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Term
| Name the main difference between Glycogen and Starch. |
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Definition
| Glycogen is 'energy-ready' with more branch points that can be hydrolyzed. |
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Term
The antiparallel nature of double-stranded DNA means that:
1. The two strands run from 5’ to 3’ in opposite directions.
2. The 5’ ends of the two strands are on the opposite ends of the DNA molecule.
3. The two DNA strands twist around each other in a helical pattern.
4. 1 and 2.
5. 1 and 3. |
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Definition
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Term
While studying the structure of a small gene that was recently sequenced during the Human Genome Project, an investigator notices that one strand of the DNA molecule contains 20 A’s, 25 G’s, 30 C’s, and 22 T’s. How many of each base is found in the complete double-stranded molecule?
1. A=40, G=50, C=60, T= 44
2. A=44, G=60, C=50, T= 40
3. A=45, G=45, C=52, T= 52
4. A=50, G=47, C=50, T= 47
5. A=42, G=55, C=55, T= 42 |
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Definition
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Term
If a completely radioactive double-stranded DNA molecule undergoes two rounds of replication in a solution free of radioactive label, what is the radioactivity status of the resulting four double-stranded DNA molecules?
1.Half should contain no radioactivity
2.All should contain radioactivity
3.Half should contain radioactivity in both strands
4.One should contain radioactivity in both strands
5.None should contain radioactivity |
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Definition
| 1.Half should contain no radioactivity |
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Term
Which of the following is the initiator protein(s) that must bind to DNA before any other proteins needed for replication can bind?
1.Cdc6p
2.MCM
3.DNA polymerase delta
4.ORC
5.CDK |
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Definition
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Term
What modification does CDK and DDK do to the proteins, associated with replication initiation, that inhibits the use of an origin of replication more than once during the cell cycle?
1.Acetylation
2.Phosphorylation
3.Methylation
4.Ubiquitination
5.Glycosylation |
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Definition
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Term
During DNA replication, which type of enzyme separates double-stranded DNA into the single-stranded DNA that is needed as a template for the DNA polymerases?
1.DNase
2.Topoisomerase
3.Helicase
4.Primase
5.Single-strand DNA binding (SSB) protein |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of enzyme is responsible for preventing 'overwinding' of DNA?
1.DNase
2.Topoisomerase
3.Helicase
4.Primase
5.Single-strand DNA binding (SSB) protein |
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Definition
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Term
Inhibitors of DNA replication are most likely to find medical use as:
1.Anti-fungal agents
2.Treatments for immunodeficiency diseases
3.Antibiotics
4.Anti-cancer drugs
5.Treatments for psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
What is the polymerase that generates the primer in eukaryotes called?
1.DNA polymerase δ
2.DNA polymerase ε
3.DNA polymerase β
4.DNA polymerase γ
5.DNA polymerase α |
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Definition
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Term
| Which polymerase is assigned to the leading strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which polymerase is assigned to the lagging strand? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following keeps the DNA polymerase on the DNA?
1.PCNA
2.γ-clamp
3.MCM
4.Pol δ
5.RPA |
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Definition
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