Term
|
Definition
| acts as the donor of phosphoryl groups transferred by protein kinases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleotide bases are assembled from simpler compounds in this pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Preformed bases are recovered and reconnected to a ribose unit in this pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduction of ribose within a fully formed nucleotide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Six-membered and a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring, fused together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Six-membered nitrogen-containing ring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is in ester linkage to carbon 5' of the sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribose or 2-deoxyribose added to a nitrogen base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Addition of phosphates to the sugar portion of a nucleoside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleotides are joined together by 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds |
|
|
Term
| CO2 & N10-formyltetrahydrofolate |
|
Definition
| in de novo purine biosynthesis atoms are contributed by amino acids and ? (2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis of adenylate requires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesis of guanylate requires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the inhibitor of Formyl transferase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the inhibitor of Formyl glycinamidine ribosyl 5 phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the inhibitor of PRPP Glutamyl amido transferase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the inhibitor of Adenylosuccinase & IMP dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis of AMP from IMP and salvage of IMP via AMP have the net effect of deaminating aspartate to ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the nucleosides and/or bases are not re-utilized the purine bases are further degraded to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a molybdenum- and iron-containing flavoprotein,
oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 main processes
overproduction of uric acid and
under excretion of uric acid
Results from a central metabolic abnormality hyperuricemia
Acute attacks of gouty arthritis chronic arthritis –tophi in the affected joint spaces are the hallmark findings. |
|
|
Term
| Chronic tophaceous gouty arthritis |
|
Definition
Extensive bony erosions are noted throughout the carpal bones.
Urate depositions in the periarticular areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks reabsorption of filtered uric acid at the proximal tubule. This action is inhibited by low-dose salicylates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has added antiplatelet effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and is also used for the treatment of gout |
|
|
Term
| Adenosine Deaminase deficiency |
|
Definition
Absence of the ADA enzyme or the decreased enzymatic activity of mutant proteins
Two consequences
Levels of deoxyATP and associated metabolites Ribonucleotide reductase activity during thymic differentiation DNA synthesis production of thymocytes, Morphological abnormalities Few circulating T lymphocytes.
In vivo survival of the few T lymphocytes that are produced.
PEG –ADA Long life (1-2 weeks) due to PEG modification
Heterologous bone marrow transplantation
First disorder for which Gene therapy was successful |
|
|
Term
| carbamoyl phosphate synthetase |
|
Definition
Synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate and ammonia
Requires two ATP
Catalyzed by ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hits is involved in the formation of urea in the mitochondria and is stimulated by NAG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this is involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis in the cytosol |
|
|
Term
| aspartate transcarbamoylase, NADH+ |
|
Definition
Carbamoyl phosphate reacts with aspartate to form carbamoylaspartate and is catalyzed by?
Carbamoylaspartate then cyclizes to form dihydroorotate which is then oxidized by ___ to form orotate. |
|
|
Term
| pyrimidine phosphoribosyl transferase |
|
Definition
| Orotate + PRPP --> orotidylate is catalyzed by? |
|
|
Term
| nucleoside diphosphate kinase |
|
Definition
| NDP and NTP are interconverted by ?, an enzyme that has broad specificity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The CPS-II is activated by ___ and inhibited by UDP, UTP, dUTP, and CTP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides Formed by the reduction of ribonucleotides
By ribonucleotide reductase
Same enzyme for all four ribonucleotides.
2 -hydroxyl group on the ribose replaced by a hydrogen atom.
The substrates are ribonucleoside diphosphates, and the ultimate reductant is ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribonucleotide reductase consists of two subunits: B1 (an 87-kd dimer) and B2 (a 43-kd dimer).
B1 has the active site & two allosteric sites
OH on C-2 of the ribose is replaced by H,
Disulfide bond generated in the enzyme's active site
Reduced by thioredoxin, to regenerate the active enzyme.
To complete the overall reaction, the oxidized thioredoxin is reduced by NADPH in a reaction catalyzed by ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binding of dATP Catalytic activity prevents DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any NTP-->conversion to deoxynucleotides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thymine, a methylated analog of uracil.
____ ____ methylates deoxy uridylate (dUMP) to Thymidylate (TMP).
Facilitates the identification of DNA damage for repair
Methyl donor is N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate
Loses both its methylene group and a hydride ion oxidized to dihydrofolate.
Tetrahydrofolate regenerated by dihydrofolate reductase with the use of NADPH as the reductant |
|
|
