Term
|
Definition
| binds the substrate, forming an enzyme–substrate (ES) complex and catalyzes the reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of molecules of substrate converted to product per enzyme molecule per second |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the active enzyme with its nonprotein component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme without its nonprotein moiety is termed an ______ and is inactive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only transiently associate with the enzyme are called cosubstrates. Cosubstrates dissociate from the enzyme in an altered state are called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the coenzyme is permanently associated with the enzyme and returned to its original form, it is called a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy difference between that of the reactants and a high-energy intermediate that occurs during the formation of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because of the high free energy of activation, the rates of uncatalyzed chemical reactions are often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lower the free energy of activation, the more molecules have sufficient energy to pass through the transition state, and, thus, the ____ the rate of the reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RNA can act as enzymes – called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most enzymes show kinetics in which the plot of initial reaction velocity (vo) against substrate concentration ([S]), is hyperbolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most enzymes show kinetics in which the plot of initial reaction velocity (vo) against substrate concentration ([S]), is hyperbolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frequently show a sigmoidal curve that is similar in shape to the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A numerically small (low) Km reflects a _____ affinity of the enzyme for substrate, because a low concentration of substrate is needed to half-saturate the enzyme—that is, to reach a velocity that is ½Vmax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A numerically high Km reflects a ____ affinity of the enzyme for substrate, because a low concentration of substrate is needed to half-saturate the enzyme—that is, to reach a velocity that is ½Vmax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the lineweaver burk plot the intercept on the x-axis is equal to and the intercept on the y-axis is equal to 1/Vmax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversible inhibitors bind to enzymes through ______ bonds. Reversible inhibitors bind to enzymes through ______ bonds |
|
|
Term
| non-competitive inhibition |
|
Definition
| occurs when the inhibitor and substrate bind at different sites on the enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| noncompetitive inhibitors ______ the apparent Vmax of the reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Regulated by effectors (modulators or modifiers)
• Bind noncovalently to a site other than active site
• Alter affinity of enzyme for substrate or modify max. catalytic activity or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what type of effector is this; a substrate itself acts as allosteric effector
• Typically the effect is positive
• Cooperativity = binding of substrate to one site enhances catalytic properties of other site
• Sigmoidal curve rather than hyperbolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
effector is different from substrate
• |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feedback inhibition = final product of a pathway allosterically inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway, switching off its own production; Example: Phosphofructokinase inhibited by citrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Elevated levels of ALT in plasma indicates damage to tissue where? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are enzymes that catalyze same reaction but differ in physical properties due to differences in amino acid sequences; they are (-) and migrate towards the anode |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the heart, skeletal muscle liver and brain, and is associated with liver disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the liver and is associated with liver disease hepatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the pancreas and salivary gland and is associated with acute pancreatitis and bile obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the skeletal muscle, heart and brain, and is associated with MD and MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in liver and is associated with hepatitis and alcohol excess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the heart, liver, and erythrocytes and is associated with lymphoma, hepatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the pancreas and is associated acute pancreatitis and bile obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in osteoblasts and is associated with bone disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this enzyme is found in the prostate and is associated with prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the major isoenzyme indicator of MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the first marker three hours after the event of MI? |
|
|
Term
| cardiac specific troponin |
|
Definition
| what marker shows up 8 hours after MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the marker 24 hours after MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the marker for 24-36 hours after MI? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this marker peaks at 36-48 hours after MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LDH type 1 is ___ ___ specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LDH type 4 is ____ specific |
|
|
