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| A group of atoms bonded together |
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| The bonds between atoms in a single molecule |
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| The bonds between different molecules |
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| The strongest of the intermolecular bonds |
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| Parts of molecules. They have negative or positive regions. Ex: Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate |
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| Large organic molecules. Also called polymers. The four main types are: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids. |
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| A larger molecule made of many monomers Ex: In 'Sugar + Sugar = starch' starch is the polymer |
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A single unit of a larger molecule
Ex: In 'Sugar + Sugar = starch' sugar is the monomer |
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| Two ------- rings attached together with a (glycosidic) bond |
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| Three or more ------- rings attached together with a (glycosidic) bond. Either alpha or beta |
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| Maked up the cell membrane, and most organelles. |
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| There are 20 in total, 10 that cannot be made by the human body (14 for infants) |
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| A chain of amino acids joined by a peptide bond |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid. Contains info for production of RNA |
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| Ribonucleic acid. Provides information on protein production to the cell. |
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| L(osing)E(lectron)O(xidation) goes G(aining)E R(eduction) |
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| The amount of energy needed to complete the reaction. |
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| A substance that increases the speed of a reaction without being used up at the end of the reaction |
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| A protein that speeds up reactions in the human body |
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| Inhibitor (competitive & non-competitive) |
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| The site where the non-competitive inhibitor binds. Cannot be used if a substrate is already in the active site |
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| Control passage of macro molecules. Group of proteins forming openings in the nuclear envelope. |
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Smooth:
Rough: Outer face covered in ribosomes.
Both: Folding of protein molecules and transport of synthesized proteins to golgi apparatus with vesicles. |
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| Primary site for protein synthesis. Links amino acids together based on instructions from RNA. |
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| Small sac, membrane enclosed (phospholipid bilayer). Used for transport and storage within the cell. |
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| Package proteins inside the cell. Stack of curved membrane sacs (phospholipid bilayer) |
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| Vesicle containing enzymes. Catalyze hydrolysis reactions. |
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| Form by budding of of the ER. Break down biological molecules, and some toxic ones. |
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| Contains chlorophyll. Converts CO2 + H20 into energy rich organic (molecule) through redox reactions. |
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| Makes sugar usable by the cell. Breaks down high energy molecules to convert stored energy to usable energy. |
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| Gives shape, structural support. Only in plants, algae, fungus, bacteria and some archaea. |
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| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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| Study of properties and interactions of biologically important molecules |
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| Formed by sharing a pair of valence electrons between 2 non-metal atoms |
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| Formed between a metal and a non-metal. Transfer of an electron from atom to atom |
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| Formed when a pair of valence electrons is unequally shared between 2 atoms |
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